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Sustainability in Intensive Aquaculture—Profitability of Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Production in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems Based on a Hungarian Case Study

Laura Mihály-Karnai,Milán Fehér,P. Bársony,István Szűcs,Tamás Mihály,Dániel Fróna,László Szőllősi

Published 2025 in Animals

ABSTRACT

Simple Summary This study examines the intensive aquaculture of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) in Hungary, focusing on the economic feasibility of recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs). Using a deterministic model, it analyzes production costs, profitability, and factors influencing economic efficiency, such as feed costs, electricity consumption, and market sale prices. The research breaks down the production process into three main phases—pre-rearing, post-rearing, and market-sized fish production—identifying high initial investments and operational costs as major challenges. However, it also highlights opportunities for optimizing feed management and energy efficiency to improve sustainability and profitability. The findings are crucial for integrating economic, environmental, and technological aspects to advance sustainable aquaculture practices.

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