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Unveiling the Phytochemical Profiling by Chromatographic and Spectrometric Techniques and the Bioactive Potential of Rumex vesicarius L.

Nabila Adoui,H. Bendif,Imane Haouame,Dilaycan Çam,K. Rebbas,F. Boufahja,Mehmet Öztürk,Stefania Garzoli

Published 2025 in Food Analytical Methods

ABSTRACT

This study comprehensively analyzed the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and enzyme-inhibitory properties of Rumex vesicarius (R. vesicarius) extracts using advanced food analytical methods. The methanol extract was profiled using high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC–DAD), identifying 16 phenolic compounds, with cynarin (26.06 mg/g dry weight extract) as the most abundant compound, revealed for the first time in this species. The hexane extract was assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), revealing 12 compounds, predominantly linoleic acid (46.09%). Mineral content was measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), showing high concentrations of iron (497.03 mg/L) and calcium (3.31%). The methanol extract exhibited strong antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 47.25 µg/mL (DPPH assay) and 26.98 µg/mL (ABTS assay) and an A0.5 value of 33.76 µg/mL in the reducing power assay. The hexane extract exhibited significant enzyme-inhibitory activity against α-amylase (IC50 = 33.80 µg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 154.19 µg/mL). Additionally, ADME/T (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) analysis of the HPLC–DAD-detected compounds indicated favorable drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties. These findings underline the promise of R. vesicarius as a rich source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and antidiabetic properties, making it a promising candidate for further research in functional foods. The use of robust analytical methods, including HPLC–DAD, GC–MS, and ICP-MS, ensures reliable and reproducible results, aligning with the standards of food analytical methodologies.

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