Redefining CNS immune privilege

No abstract is available for this paper.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Nature reviews. Immunology

• Publication date

  2025-05-02

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1038/s41577-025-01175-0PMID 40316862
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• The meninges host a distinct compartment of regulatory T cells that preserves brain homeostasis.

  2025cited by this paper
• Defining the molecular identity and morphology of glia limitans superficialis astrocytes in vertebrates.

  2025cited by this paper
• Differential impact of lymphatic outflow pathways on cerebrospinal fluid homeostasis.

  2025cited by this paper
• T lymphocyte recruitment to melanoma brain tumors depends on distinct venous vessels.

  2024cited by this paper
• Why do central nervous system barriers host a diverse immune landscape?

  2024cited by this paper
• Fibrotic response to anti-CSF-1R therapy potentiates glioblastoma recurrence.

  2024cited by this paper
• Cellular Contributions to Glymphatic and Lymphatic Waste Clearance in the Brain.

  2024cited by this paper
• Cranioencephalic functional lymphoid units in glioblastoma

  2024cited by this paper
• The choroid plexus synergizes with immune cells during neuroinflammation.

  2024influential reference
• Heterogeneous fibroblasts contribute to fibrotic scar formation after spinal cord injury in mice and monkeys

  2024cited by this paper
• Newly discovered base barrier cells provide compartmentalization of choroid plexus, brain and CSF

  2024influential reference
• A brain-specific angiogenic mechanism enabled by tip cell specialization

  2024cited by this paper
• Venous-plexus-associated lymphoid hubs support meningeal humoral immunity

  2024cited by this paper
• Disease-associated astrocyte epigenetic memory promotes CNS pathology

  2024cited by this paper
• Identification of direct connections between the dura and the brain

  2024influential reference
• Dynamic fibroblast-immune interactions shape wound healing after brain injury

  2024cited by this paper
• Nasopharyngeal lymphatic plexus is a hub for cerebrospinal fluid drainage

  2024cited by this paper
• Endogenous self-peptides guard immune privilege of the central nervous system

  2024influential reference
• Open pathways for cerebrospinal fluid outflow at the cribriform plate along the olfactory nerves.

  2023cited by this paper
• PD-L1 positive astrocytes attenuate inflammatory functions of PD-1 positive microglia in models of autoimmune neuroinflammation

  2023cited by this paper
• Skull bone marrow channels as immune gateways to the central nervous system

  2023cited by this paper
• Immaturity of immune cells around the dural venous sinuses contributes to viral meningoencephalitis in neonates

  2023cited by this paper
• The murine meninges acquire lymphoid tissue properties and harbour autoreactive B cells during chronic Trypanosoma brucei infection

  2023cited by this paper
• Molecular anatomy of adult mouse leptomeninges.

  2023influential reference
• VE-cadherin in arachnoid and pia mater cells serves as a suitable landmark for in vivo imaging of CNS immune surveillance and inflammation

  2023influential reference
• Distinct molecular profiles of skull bone marrow in health and neurological disorders

  2023cited by this paper
• Bacterial meningitis in the early postnatal mouse studied at single-cell resolution

  2023cited by this paper
• Cerebrospinal fluid regulates skull bone marrow niches via direct access through dural channels

  2022cited by this paper
• Dissecting the human leptomeninges at single-cell resolution

  2022cited by this paper
• Parenchymal border macrophages regulate the flow dynamics of the cerebrospinal fluid

  2022cited by this paper
• Meningeal macrophages protect against viral neuroinfection.

  2022cited by this paper
• Differential plasticity and fate of brain-resident and recruited macrophages during the onset and resolution of neuroinflammation.

  2022cited by this paper
• Periarteriolar spaces modulate cerebrospinal fluid transport into brain and demonstrate altered morphology in aging and Alzheimer’s disease

  2022cited by this paper
• Distinct roles of the meningeal layers in CNS autoimmunity

  2022cited by this paper
• Cerebrospinal fluid can exit into the skull bone marrow and instruct cranial hematopoiesis in mice with bacterial meningitis

  2022influential reference
• Neutrophil-vascular interactions drive myeloperoxidase accumulation in the brain in Alzheimer’s disease

  2022cited by this paper
• A human brain vascular atlas reveals diverse mediators of Alzheimer’s risk

  2022cited by this paper
• Gut-licensed IFNγ+ NK cells drive LAMP1+TRAIL+ anti-inflammatory astrocytes

  2021cited by this paper
• Cerebrospinal fluid outflow: a review of the historical and contemporary evidence for arachnoid villi, perineural routes, and dural lymphatics

  2021cited by this paper
• Functional characterization of the dural sinuses as a neuroimmune interface.

  2021influential reference
• CNS fibroblasts form a fibrotic scar in response to immune cell infiltration

  2021cited by this paper
• Molecular mechanisms of brain water transport

  2021cited by this paper
• Aging-associated deficit in CCR7 is linked to worsened glymphatic function, cognition, neuroinflammation, and β-amyloid pathology

  2021cited by this paper
• Heterogeneity of meningeal B cells reveals a lymphopoietic niche at the CNS borders

  2021cited by this paper
• Skull and vertebral bone marrow are myeloid cell reservoirs for the meninges and CNS parenchyma

  2021cited by this paper
• No Arachnoid Granulations—No Problems: Number, Size, and Distribution of Arachnoid Granulations From Birth to 80 Years of Age

  2021cited by this paper
• Neuroinflammation creates an immune regulatory niche at the meningeal lymphatic vasculature near the cribriform plate

  2021cited by this paper
• Early developing B cells undergo negative selection by central nervous system-specific antigens in the meninges.

  2021cited by this paper
• Inflammation of the Embryonic Choroid Plexus Barrier following Maternal Immune Activation.

  2020cited by this paper
• Meningeal lymphatic vessels regulate brain tumor drainage and immunity

  2020cited by this paper
• VEGF-C-driven lymphatic drainage enables immunosurveillance of brain tumours

  2020cited by this paper
• The Lymphatic Vasculature in the 21st Century: Novel Functional Roles in Homeostasis and Disease.

  2020cited by this paper
• Gut-educated IgA plasma cells defend the meningeal venous sinuses

  2020cited by this paper
• Meningeal lymphatic vessels at the skull base drain cerebrospinal fluid

  2019influential reference
• Beta-catenin signaling regulates barrier-specific gene expression in circumventricular organ and ocular vasculatures

  2019cited by this paper
• A single-cell atlas of mouse brain macrophages reveals unique transcriptional identities shaped by ontogeny and tissue environment

  2019influential reference
• A Xenotransplant Model of Human Brain Tumors in Wild-Type Mice

  2019cited by this paper
• Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in aging and Alzheimer’s disease

  2018cited by this paper
• Innate immune memory in the brain shapes neurological disease hallmarks

  2018cited by this paper
• The meninges as barriers and facilitators for the movement of fluid, cells and pathogens related to the rodent and human CNS

  2018cited by this paper
• Brain Region-Dependent Rejection of Neural Precursor Cell Transplants

  2018cited by this paper
• PDGFRβ Cells Rapidly Relay Inflammatory Signal from the Circulatory System to Neurons via Chemokine CCL2.

  2018cited by this paper
• CNS lymphatic drainage and neuroinflammation are regulated by meningeal lymphatic vasculature

  2018influential reference
• Direct vascular channels connect skull bone marrow and the brain surface enabling myeloid cell migration

  2018cited by this paper
• A molecular atlas of cell types and zonation in the brain vasculature

  2018cited by this paper
• Development and plasticity of meningeal lymphatic vessels

  2017cited by this paper
• Outflow of cerebrospinal fluid is predominantly through lymphatic vessels and is reduced in aged mice

  2017cited by this paper
• The movers and shapers in immune privilege of the CNS

  2017cited by this paper
• Effector T-cell trafficking between the leptomeninges and the cerebrospinal fluid

  2016cited by this paper
• Integration of Th17- and Lymphotoxin-Derived Signals Initiates Meningeal-Resident Stromal Cell Remodeling to Propagate Neuroinflammation.

  2015cited by this paper
• Structural and functional features of central nervous system lymphatics

  2015cited by this paper
• Macrophages Subvert Adaptive Immunity to Urinary Tract Infection

  2015cited by this paper
• The inner CSF–brain barrier: developmentally controlled access to the brain via intercellular junctions

  2015cited by this paper
• A Paravascular Pathway Facilitates CSF Flow Through the Brain Parenchyma and the Clearance of Interstitial Solutes, Including Amyloid β

  2012influential reference
• Localizing central nervous system immune surveillance: Meningeal antigen‐presenting cells activate T cells during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

  2009cited by this paper
• Effector T cell interactions with meningeal vascular structures in nascent autoimmune CNS lesions

  2009influential reference
• What is immune privilege (not)?

  2007cited by this paper
• Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology.

  2007cited by this paper
• Marrow Stromal Cells Transplanted to the Adult Brain Are Rejected by an Inflammatory Response and Transfer Donor Labels to Host Neurons and Glia

  2006cited by this paper
• Nerve fibres and their terminals of the dura mater encephali of the rat

  2004cited by this paper
• Publisher's Note

  2003cited by this paper
• Virtual dissection: a lesson from the 18th century.

  2003cited by this paper
• Fas Ligand and Fas Are Expressed Constitutively in Human Astrocytes and the Expression Increases with IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, or IFN-γ

  1999cited by this paper
• Fas ligand and Fas are expressed constitutively in human astrocytes and the expression increases with IL-1, IL-6, TNF-alpha, or IFN-gamma.

  1999cited by this paper
• Sequestration of inhaled particulate antigens by lung phagocytes. A mechanism for the effective inhibition of pulmonary cell-mediated immunity.

  1996cited by this paper
• Expression of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, L-selectin, and leukosialin in the mouse central nervous system during the induction and remission stages of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

  1994cited by this paper
• Mechanisms of allograft rejection in the rat brain.

  1990cited by this paper
• Vasorum lymphaticorum corporis humani historia et ichnographia

  1983cited by this paper
• Junctions in the meninges and marginal glia

  1975cited by this paper
• JUNCTIONS BETWEEN INTIMATELY APPOSED CELL MEMBRANES IN THE VERTEBRATE BRAIN

  1969cited by this paper
• FINE STRUCTURAL LOCALIZATION OF A BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER TO EXOGENOUS PEROXIDASE

  1967cited by this paper
• A FUNCTIONAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF INTRACRANIAL PARATHYROID ALLOGRAFTS IN THE DOG

  1967cited by this paper
• FINE STRUCTURE OBSERVATIONS OF THE UPTAKE OF INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED PEROXIDASE BY THE RAT CHOROID PLEXUS

  1967cited by this paper
• Parathyroid homografts in brain tissue. Experimental studies.

  1966cited by this paper
• Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye.

  1948influential reference
• CONDITIONS DETERMINING THE TRANSPLANTABILITY OF TISSUES IN THE BRAIN

  1923cited by this paper
• Studies on Cerebro-Spinal Fluid. No. II : The Theories of Drainage of Cerebro-Spinal Fluid with an Analysis of the Methods of Investigation.

  1914cited by this paper
• LN; TG, transgenic. A dural lymphatic vascular system that drains brain interstitial

  year unknowncited by this paper
• Studien in der anatomie des Nervensystems und des Bindegewebes

  year unknowncited by this paper

• Unknotting the crosstalk between COPD and neuroinflammation.

  2026cites this paper
• Engineering nanoprobes from traditional Chinese medicine for tumor boundary imaging: design strategies, imaging mechanisms, and recent advances

  2026cites this paper
• A phosphotransferase system promotes growth of zoonotic Streptococcus species in the brain

  2026cites this paper
• Vaccine therapy for pediatric high-grade glioma: current landscape, challenges, and future directions

  2026cites this paper
• Resident T cells in the healthy and multiple sclerosis brain.

  2026cites this paper
• Decoding brain border immunity to enable future therapeutic avenues.

  2026cites this paper
• Immune Cell Infiltration in Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma, IDH‐Wild Type: Validation of an Immunohistochemistry‐Based Scoring System for Research and Clinical Practice

  2026cites this paper
• Neuro‐Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets

  2026cites this paper
• IGSF11-VISTA is a critical and targetable immune checkpoint axis in diffuse midline glioma.

  2026cites this paper
• Meningeal B cells: Emerging players at the brain border.

  2026cites this paper
• Phagocytosis deficient glia display phagosome processing defects and macrophage recruitment to the brain of adult Drosophila melanogaster

  2026cites this paper
• Nested ecosystems theory for conceptualizing brain tumors.

  2026cites this paper
• Tilapia IFP35 is differently induced by three subgroups of type I IFNs via the JAK-STAT signaling.

  2025cites this paper
• Structural and Functional Designs of Advanced Neural Electrodes.

  2025cites this paper
• Dendritic Cells: Orchestrators of Immune Responsiveness and Tolerance

  2025cites this paper
• Marine Bioactive Components and Chronic Neuroinflammation: Focus on Neurodegenerative Disease

  2025cites this paper
• Resolving the mysteries of brain clearance and immune surveillance

  2025cites this paper
• cGAS–STING Signaling in Central Nervous System Diseases: Neuroinflammatory Mechanisms and Immune Regulation

  2025cites this paper
• Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy Generated from Melanoma Brain Metastasis: Proof-of-Concept for CNS-Derived Cellular Immunotherapy.

  2025cites this paper
• MYD88 and CD79B Mutation Analysis in Primary Pharyngeal Diffuse Large B‐Cell Lymphomas: Expanding the MCD‐Like Subtype From the Sinonasal Region to the Upper Airway

  2025cites this paper
• Mechanisms of parasite-mediated disruption of brain vessels.

  2025cites this paper
• Cytokine–Microglia Interactions in Neuroinflammation: Mechanisms, Disease Dynamics, and Therapeutic Strategies

  2025cites this paper
• Annexin A1 is crucial during Toxoplasma gondii infection promoting the modulation of inflammation and intestinal and central nervous system barrier functions

  2025cites this paper