Comparison of the bone remodeling in the midpalatal suture during maxillary expansion between young and middle-aged mice.

Maxillary expansion is a common orthodontic procedure for treating maxillary transverse deficiency. However, the cell responses to mechanical force may vary across different age groups, suggesting the need for age-specific treatment protocols. To compare the age-related responses to the mechanical force, we examined the 6-week- and 12-month-old mice undergoing maxillary expansion with 0.012-in. stainless steel orthodontic wire bonded to the maxillary first and second molars (25 g force). Mice were euthanized on days 0, 3, 7, and 14 for analysis. MicroCT analysis, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) stain, and immunofluorescence/immunohistochemistry stain using antibodies to RUNX2, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Gli1 and Ki67 along with the TUNEL assay, were conducted to evaluate suture width, osteoclast activity, new bone formation and mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) proliferation and apoptosis. Both 6-week- and 12-month-old mice exhibited successful midpalatal suture opening, but young mice demonstrated earlier and more intense osteoclast activity, along with higher expression of RUNX2 and ALP. Young mice also exhibited a higher percentage of Gli1 + Ki67 + immunopositive cells, while middle-aged mice showed a higher percentage of Gli1 + TUNEL+ positive cells on day 3 after maxillary expansion. Our findings suggest that aging negatively impacts mechanical force-induced bone remodeling by reducing osteoclastogenesis, osteogenesis, and MSC proliferation while increasing MSC apoptosis.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Bone

• Publication date

  2025-05-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.bone.2025.117512PMID 40324615PMCID PMC12766631
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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