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The Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of a Chaetopterus Symbiont Community in Djibouti, with Redescription of Chaetopterus djiboutiensis Gravier, 1906 Stat. Nov. (Annelida: Chaetopteridae)

Shannon D. Brown,T. Terraneo,Jenna M. Moore,G. Paulay,Kristine N. White,M. Berumen,F. Benzoni

Published 2025 in Diversity

ABSTRACT

The tubes of polychaetes of the genus Chaetopterus (Annelida: Chaetopteridae) provide habitat for cryptic, symbiotic organisms that are often overlooked when examining diversity. Our study employed molecular phylogenetics to examine the diversity of symbiont species associated with Chaetopterus djiboutiensis stat. nov., collected from the Gulf of Tadjoura, Djibouti. A total of 15 Chaetopterus hosts and their associated symbionts were collected from nine coastal sites. Four genetic regions were targeted for PCR amplification: the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I and 16S rDNA and the nuclear 18S rDNA and Histone H3. Chaetopterus djiboutiensis was redescribed from topotypic material and elevated to species rank, and a neotype specimen was designated. Phylogenetic and morphological analysis confirmed five species associated with C. djiboutiensis in Djibouti: two porcelain crabs, Polyonyx pedalis and Polyonyx socialis; one nudibranch, Tenellia chaetopterana; one fish, Onuxodon sp.; and one amphipod, Leucothoe sp. A. As only the fourth comprehensive study on Chaetopterus symbionts, our study highlights the diversity and community patterns of symbionts associated with these unique tubicolous marine polychaetes.

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