Solanoeclepin C, a root‐secreted molecule converted by rhizosphere microbes to hatching factors for potato cyst nematodes

Eclepins are root‐secreted compounds that induce the hatching of cyst nematodes. Solanoeclepin A (SEA) and B (SEB) have been isolated as potent hatching factors for potato cyst nematodes (PCNs). SEB is biosynthesized in roots, released into the rhizosphere, and converted into SEA by soil microorganisms. However, given that SEB and SEA exhibit comparable hatching‐inducing activity toward PCNs, the ecological significance of microbial solanoeclepin metabolism in eclepin‐mediated communication remains unclear. In this study, we identified solanoeclepin C (SEC), a previously unrecognized solanoeclepin secreted by tomato and potato roots. Structural analysis revealed that SEC is an acetylated derivative of SEB. Soil incubation experiments demonstrated that SEC is converted into SEB and subsequently into SEA. SEC exhibits  10 000‐fold lower hatching‐inducing activity than SEA. Gene expression analysis in hydroponically grown tomatoes showed that solanoeclepin biosynthesis is upregulated under nitrogen and phosphorus deficiencies, with nitrogen starvation having the strongest effect. Our results demonstrate that although SEC itself exhibits low hatching‐inducing activity, it is converted by soil microorganisms into SEB and SEA, which are then exploited by PCNs to trigger their hatching. These findings reveal a previously unrecognized three‐way interaction among plants, soil microbes, and nematodes mediated by solanoeclepins.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  New Phytologist

• Publication date

  2025-05-26

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1111/nph.70252PMID 40415572PMCID 12222916
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Solanoeclepin B, a hatching factor for potato cyst nematode

  2023cited by this paper
• Tomato root-associated Sphingobium harbors genes for catabolizing toxic steroidal glycoalkaloids

  2023cited by this paper
• A Combination of Metabolomics and Machine Learning Results in the Identification of a New Cyst Nematode Hatching Factor

  2022cited by this paper
• Tobacco Root Endophytic Arthrobacter Harbors Genomic Features Enabling the Catabolism of Host-Specific Plant Specialized Metabolites

  2021cited by this paper
• Tomato roots secrete tomatine to modulate the bacterial assemblage of the rhizosphere.

  2021cited by this paper
• UPLC-MS/MS analysis and biological activity of the potato cyst nematode hatching stimulant, solanoeclepin A, in the root exudate of Solanum spp.

  2021cited by this paper
• The hatching-stimulation activity of solanoeclepin A toward the eggs of Globodera (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae) species

  2020cited by this paper
• Hatching stimulation activity of steroidal glycoalkaloids toward the potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis.

  2020cited by this paper
• A specialized metabolic network selectively modulates Arabidopsis root microbiota

  2019cited by this paper
• Root exudate metabolites drive plant-soil feedbacks on growth and defense by shaping the rhizosphere microbiota

  2018cited by this paper
• Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia-the roots of a success story.

  2018cited by this paper
• Jasmonate-Responsive ERF Transcription Factors Regulate Steroidal Glycoalkaloid Biosynthesis in Tomato.

  2016cited by this paper
• Top 10 plant-parasitic nematodes in molecular plant pathology.

  2013cited by this paper
• The specificity of herbivore-induced plant volatiles in attracting herbivore enemies.

  2012cited by this paper
• Total synthesis of solanoeclepin A.

  2011cited by this paper
• Enhancement of the efficacy of a carbamate nematicide against the potato cyst nematode, Globodera pallida, through mycorrhization in commercial potato fields.

  2010cited by this paper
• Jasmonate-induced nicotine formation in tobacco is mediated by tobacco COI1 and JAZ genes.

  2008cited by this paper
• Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

  2005cited by this paper
• Plant-nematode interactions.

  2003cited by this paper
• Comparative Responses of Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida to Hatching Chemicals.

  2001cited by this paper
• Elucidation of the Structure of Solanoeclepin A, a Natural Hatching Factor of Potato and Tomato Cyst Nematodes, by Single-crystal X-ray Diffraction*

  1999cited by this paper
• Resolution of natural hatching factors for golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis

  1996cited by this paper
• Total synthesis of glycinoeclepin A

  1989cited by this paper
• Glycinoeclepins, Natural Hatching Stimuli for the Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera Glycines. II. Structural Elucidation

  1987cited by this paper
• A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes.

  1986cited by this paper
• Isolation of a natural hatching stimulus, glycinoeclepin A, for the soybean cyst nematode

  1982cited by this paper
• Germination of Witchweed (Striga lutea Lour.): Isolation and Properties of a Potent Stimulant

  1966cited by this paper

• No citing papers are available for this paper.