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Long-Term Effects of Biochar Amendments on Soil Moisture Dynamics and Selected Physical Properties in Clayey Soil of Bafra plain, Turkiye

M. Birol,H. Günal

Published 2025 in Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT The application of biochar to soil is increasingly recognized as a vital strategy for enhancing physical soil properties, particularly in improving moisture retention, bulk density, and porosity, all of which are critical for sustainable soil management and agricultural productivity. This study investigates the effects of biochar type (rice husk and poultry manure), dose (0 (control, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 t/ha), and rotation period (RP1 for 2-year and RP2 for 4-year) on soil physical properties, focusing on bulk density, total porosity and soil moisture at field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), and available water content (AWC). Significant differences were observed in soil moisture (p < .01), bulk density, and porosity (p < .05) between the rotation periods. Bulk density decreased from 1.40 g/cm3 in RP1 to 1.38 g/cm3 in RP2, while porosity increased from 47.17% to 47.84%, indicating a statistically significant enhancement in soil structure. The FC notably increased from 28.93% in RP1 to 31.71% in RP2 (p < .01), suggesting improved water retention due to biochar aging. Concurrently, PWP decreased from 18.84% to 18.04%, reflecting reduced susceptibility to drying conditions. AWC significantly improved, rising from 10.08% in RP1 to 13.67% in RP2 (p < .01), aligning with the enhancements in FC and PWP. Aggregate stability remained unchanged (p = .874), indicating the aging process did not significantly alter this property. Overall, the results demonstrate that biochar application can induce persistent improvements in key soil physical properties, supporting its role as a promising amendment for long-term soil health and agricultural sustainability.

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