La contribution des aires marines protégées ouest-africaines pour l’atteinte de l’Accord de Paris sur le climat

Dans cet article, le lien entre les aires marines protégées (AMP) et le « carbone bleu » est mis en évidence, et par extension le lien entre les AMP et les documents nationaux relatifs aux accords de Paris sur le climat (les contributions déterminées au niveau national – ou CDN). En effet, les AMP contiennent de vastes superficies d’habitats côtiers et marins susceptibles de séquestrer de grandes quantités de carbone atmosphérique. Ces habitats – mangroves, herbiers marins, marais salés, macro-algues – ne sont cependant que peu mentionnés dans les stratégies nationales d’atténuation des effets du changement climatique, et notamment dans les CDN. Pour évaluer la contribution des AMP pour la séquestration de carbone, une estimation du taux annuel de séquestration de CO2 au sein des AMP de six pays côtiers d’Afrique de l’Ouest a été réalisée puis comparée aux émissions annuelles de CO2 de ces pays ainsi qu’aux objectifs de réduction des gaz à effet de serre contenus dans leurs CDN. Il apparaît que les AMP d’Afrique de l’Ouest, malgré leur faible surface cumulée, jouent un rôle important dans la séquestration des émissions nationales de CO2 (entre 4 % et plus de 100 % des émissions annuelles selon les pays) et contribuent efficacement aux objectifs des CDN (entre 2 et 19 % des objectifs d’atténuation des émissions de gaz à effet de serre). Dès lors, la mise en place d’AMP en Afrique de l’Ouest pourrait être promue, si ces dernières étaient plus étroitement intégrées dans les politiques nationales et internationales de lutte contre le changement climatique. Par ailleurs, leur superficie cumulée devrait augmenter considérablement dans le futur, dans le but d’atteindre les engagements internationaux (Objectifs de Développement Durable, cibles d’Aichi, nouveau cadre mondial pour la biodiversité…).

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Annales de Géographie

• Publication date

  2025-06-05

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3917/ag.762.0165
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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