MÜLKİYET HAKKINA MÜDAHALEDE MEŞRU AMAÇ TESTİ: AVRUPA İNSAN HAKLARI MAHKEMESİ’NİN İÇTİHADÎ YAKLAŞIMI

Makale, mülkiyet hakkı müdahalelerinin esas denetiminde AİHM’nin kullandığı meşru amaç testi bağlamında şu ana sorunun cevabını aramaktadır: AİHM, mülkiyet hakkı müdahalelerinin esas denetiminde güçlü bir meşru amaç denetimi icra etmekte midir? Makalede ulaşılan sonuç şudur: AİHM, güçlü bir meşru amaç denetimi yapmamakta ve fakat keyfîliği de facto birinci basamak denetimde incelemektedir. AİHM’nin, meşru amaç testine dair içtihadî tutumu son derece tutarlıdır. 1959-2025 tarihleri arasında mülkiyet hakkına yönelik verdiği yüzlerce ihlal kararında AİHM, davalı devletin ileri sürdüğü meşru amaç savunmasını muhakeme etmeksizin kabul etmiş, meşru amaç savunması yapılmayan hallerde dahi müdahalenin meşru bir amaca yöneldiğini varsaymıştır. İstisnai hallerde AİHM, işaret edilen meşru amacı muhakeme etmiş; meşru amaca yönelik kuşkularını, olumsuz kanaatlerini belirtmiş fakat ihlal kararını meşru amaç değil yasal dayanak yahut ölçülülük testiyle vermiştir; AİHM’nin anılan yaklaşımı izlediği 16 adet karara rastlanmıştır. Daha da istisnai hallerde ise AİHM, ihlal kararını doğrudan meşru amaç denetimiyle vermiştir; AİHM’nin anılan yaklaşımı izlediği 6 adet karara rastlanmıştır. AİHM’nin yaklaşımının eleştirilecek bir yönü yoktur zira meşru amaç ile yerindelik denetimi arasında ince bir çizgi vardır. AİHM’nin bu çizgiyi aşmaktan kaçınması işlevine uygundur. AİHM’nin meşru amaç denetimini tümüyle saf dışı bıraktığı söylenemez. Zira “meşru amaç” denetimi, “yasal dayanak” denetimiyle -keyfîlik incelemesi yönünden- iç içe geçmiştir; orantılılık denetiminin başlangıç noktası, ön meselesi, temel bir unsurudur. Meşru amaç, tek başına güçsüz fakat diğer denetim pratikleri bağlamı içinde güçlü bir değere sahiptir.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Akdeniz Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi

• Publication date

  2025-07-15

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.54704/akdhfd.1663050
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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