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Emergence of Generic Entanglement Structure in Doped Matchgate Circuits.

Alessio Paviglianiti,Luca Lumia,E. Tirrito,Alessandro Silva,M. Collura,X. Turkeshi,Guglielmo Lami

Published 2025 in Physical Review Letters

ABSTRACT

Free fermionic Gaussian, also known as matchgate, random circuits exhibit atypical behavior compared to generic interacting systems. They produce anomalously slow entanglement growth, characterized by diffusive scaling S(t)∼sqrt[t], and evolve into volume-law entangled states at late times, S∼N, which are highly unstable under measurements. Here, we investigate how doping such circuits with non-Gaussian resources (gates) restores entanglement structures of typical dynamics. We demonstrate that ballistic entanglement growth S(t)∼t is recovered after injecting an extensive total amount of non-Gaussian gates, which also restores Kardar-Parisi-Zhang fluctuations. When the evolution is perturbed with measurements, we uncover a measurement-induced phase transition between an area-law and a power-law entangled phase, S∼N^{α}, with α controlled by the doping. A genuine volume-law entangled phase is recovered only when non-Gaussian gates are injected at an extensive rate. Our findings bridge the dynamics of free and interacting fermionic systems, identifying non-Gaussianity as a key resource driving the emergence of nonintegrable behavior.

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