Liming promotes the leaching of carbon and nitrogen in a double-cropped rice system

Lime application is known to effectively increase rice yield and mitigate soil acidification, but its effect on the leaching losses of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) from paddies remain unclear. Here, two treatments (no liming as control and liming at a rate of 2.0 t ha−1 as (Ca(OH)2)) were conducted in a double-cropped rice field with acidic red soil. The results indicated that liming significantly increased grain yield by 12.7% and 12.3% in the early and late rice season relative to the unlimed treatment, respectively. The concentration of ammonium N (NH4+-N) in leachates was low and no significant difference was observed between the two treatments. Liming significantly increased the leaching losses of nitrate N (NO3−-N, + 29.6%) at the mid-tillering stage and dissolved organic N (DON, + 48.9%) at the seedling stage in the early rice season relative to the unlimed control. In the late rice season, liming raised the leaching losses of NO3−-N by 14.1% at the seedling stage, but had no significant effect on DON. In addition, liming significantly increased the leaching losses of dissolved organic C (DOC) except at the grain filling of early rice. Liming did not affect the leaching losses of DOC in the late rice season. In conclusion, liming improves grain yield but promotes the risk of the leaching losses of dissolved C and N in the double cropped-rice system. While applying lime to ameliorate soil acidification, we suggest that appropriate practices should be employed to reduce C and N leaching to protect groundwater quality.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Scientific Reports

• Publication date

  2025-08-01

• Fields of study

  Agricultural and Food Sciences, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1038/s41598-025-13340-5PMID 40751067PMCID 12317146
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Do soil enzyme activities explain stimulated carbon mineralization following liming?

  2024cited by this paper
• Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Soil Properties and Arsenic Mobilization in Paddy Soil

  2024cited by this paper
• The optimal ammonia-nitrate ratio for various crops : A Meta-analysis

  2024cited by this paper
• Soil microbial diversity and network complexity drive the ecosystem multifunctionality of temperate grasslands under changing precipitation.

  2023cited by this paper
• Interaction of lime application and straw retention on ammonia emissions from a double-cropped rice field

  2023influential reference
• Cost-effective mitigation of nitrogen pollution from global croplands

  2023cited by this paper
• Effects and mechanism of microplastics on organic carbon and nitrogen cycling in agricultural soil: A review

  2023cited by this paper
• Alterations in soil pH emerge as a key driver of the impact of global change on soil microbial nitrogen cycling: Evidence from a global meta‐analysis

  2022cited by this paper
• Soil acidification and the liming potential of biochar.

  2022cited by this paper
• Integrated eco-strategies towards sustainable carbon and nitrogen cycling in agriculture.

  2021cited by this paper
• Sustainable intensification for a larger global rice bowl

  2021cited by this paper
• Hotspots of reactive nitrogen loss in China: Production, consumption, spatiotemporal trend and reduction responsibility.

  2021cited by this paper
• Effect of fertilization on nitrogen losses through surface runoffs in Chinese farmlands: A meta-analysis.

  2021cited by this paper
• Nitrogen induced DOC and heavy metals leaching: Effects of nitrogen forms, deposition loads and liming.

  2020cited by this paper
• Rhizosphere Aeration Improves Nitrogen Transformation in Soil, and Nitrogen Absorption and Accumulation in Rice Plants

  2020cited by this paper
• Leaching losses of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen from agricultural soils in the upper US Midwest.

  2020cited by this paper
• Nitrate Leaching from Continuous Corn, Perennial Grasses, and Poplar in the US Midwest

  2019cited by this paper
• Effects of no-tillage and liming amendment combination on soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization

  2019cited by this paper
• A Critical Review on Soil Chemical Processes that Control How Soil pH Affects Phosphorus Availability to Plants

  2019cited by this paper
• Cropland acidification increases risk of yield losses and food insecurity in China.

  2019cited by this paper
• Liming and straw retention interact to increase nitrogen uptake and grain yield in a double rice-cropping system

  2018cited by this paper
• Increasing yield and N use efficiency with organic fertilizer in Chinese intensive rice cropping systems

  2018cited by this paper
• Nitrate leaching, nitrous oxide emission and N use efficiency of aerobic rice under different N application strategy

  2018cited by this paper
• Liming impacts on soils, crops and biodiversity in the UK: A review.

  2018cited by this paper
• Direct-seeded rice increases nitrogen runoff losses in southeastern China

  2018cited by this paper
• Rice agriculture impacts catchment hydrographic patterns and nitrogen export characteristics in subtropical central China: a paired-catchment study

  2017cited by this paper
• Soil acidification and the importance of liming agricultural soils with particular reference to the United Kingdom

  2016cited by this paper
• Functional Relationships of Soil Acidification, Liming, and Greenhouse Gas Flux

  2016cited by this paper
• Soil N retention and nitrate leaching in three types of dunes in the Mu Us desert of China

  2015cited by this paper
• Impact of agricultural practices, elevated temperature and atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration on nitrogen and pH dynamics in soil and floodwater during the seasonal rice growth in Portugal

  2015cited by this paper
• Quantification of nitrate sources in groundwater using hydrochemical and dual isotopic data combined with a Bayesian mixing model

  2015cited by this paper
• Nitrate Accumulation and Leaching in Surface and Ground Water Based on Simulated Rainfall Experiments

  2015cited by this paper
• Irrigation return flow and nitrate leaching under different crops and irrigation methods in Western Mediterranean weather conditions

  2014cited by this paper
• Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation on percolation and nitrogen leaching in paddy fields

  2012cited by this paper
• Redox potential (Eh) and pH as drivers of soil/plant/microorganism systems: a transdisciplinary overview pointing to integrative opportunities for agronomy

  2012cited by this paper
• Nutrient Inputs to the Laurentian Great Lakes by Source and Watershed Estimated Using SPARROW Watershed Models

  2011cited by this paper
• Root physiological and morphological characteristics of two rice cultivars with different nitrogen-use efficiency.

  2010cited by this paper
• Handbook of Soil Analysis: Mineralogical, Organic and Inorganic Methods

  2006influential reference
• Nitrogen loss from unpolluted South American forests mainly via dissolved organic compounds

  2002cited by this paper
• Indicators of good soil physical quality: density and storage parameters

  2002cited by this paper
• MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT

  2000cited by this paper
• The experimental watershed liming study: Comparison of lake and watershed neutralization strategies

  1996cited by this paper
• Influence of lime on soil respiration, leaching of DOC, and C/S relationships in the mor humus of a haplic podsol

  1994cited by this paper
• Liming reduces nitrogen uptake from chemical fertilizer but increases that from straw in a double rice cropping system

  year unknowninfluential reference

• No citing papers are available for this paper.