Electromagnetic Modeling and Uncertainty Quantification of 3-D Woven Spacer Composite Antenna

This study introduces a novel modeling framework for 3-D woven spacer composite antenna (3DWSCA), incorporating the conformal finite-difference time-domain (CFDTD) method. The framework includes detailed electromagnetic modeling, a weaving parametric study, and uncertainty analysis. A detailed full-wave modeling is proposed to characterize the inherent heterogeneity and anisotropy of the 3DWSCA and validated with experimental samples. The effects of microstructural parameters, such as fabric density and linear density, are also investigated, and the results show that changes in the densities of the upper and lower layers have different impacts on the radiation efficiency. To characterize the uncertainties arising from yarn deformation and displacement caused by mechanical forces during the weaving process, a correlation-based analysis is employed to quantify the distribution of these deviations. Furthermore, a hierarchical deviation modeling approach is adapted, incorporating Latin hypercube sampling (LHS) for random sampling and cross-correlated Karhunen–Loève (K–L) series expansions. Experimental validation quantitatively demonstrates, for the first time, the significant impact of uncertainties on 3DWSCA performance, showcasing the robustness and reliability of the integrated modeling framework. It also provides valuable insights for practical solutions to modeling challenges in simulations and tolerance design in 3DWSCA and other electro-textile structures.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation

• Publication date

  2025-10-01

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1109/TAP.2025.3589095
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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