Darwinizing Gaia: conceptual approaches

After briefly describing James Lovelock’s Gaia hypothesis, I will argue that Gaia does not reproduce, or rather that it has what Peter Godfrey-Smith would call ‘too many parents’ to undergo natural selection according to Lewontin’s Recipe. So the hypothesis did not and still does not make sense to most Darwinians. If (i)Lewontin’s Recipe were extended to include differential persistence as well as differential reproduction, (ii) part/whole relationships were accepted as a form of ‘reproduction’, or (iii) the ‘gene’s-eye view’ of Richard Dawkins as further extended by David Hull and us were adopted, then the Gaia hypothesis, and lesser claims about some multispecies communities, holobionts and ecosystems, would make sense. This last is what the It’s the song not the singer(s) theory aimed to do. This article is part of the discussion meeting issue ‘Chance and purpose in the evolution of biospheres’.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

• Publication date

  2025-08-07

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Philosophy

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1098/rstb.2024.0089PMID 40770980PMCID 12329432
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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