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The alternative splicing of duplicated HSP70 genes in the response of Patinopecten yessoensis upon high temperature stress.

Hongbo Lu,Yuhui Liu,Mingyue Zhang,Chuanyan Yang,Chang Liu,Lingling Wang,Linsheng Song

Published 2025 in Fish and Shellfish Immunology

ABSTRACT

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a highly conserved family associated with stress tolerance and prone to gene duplication in bivalves. In the present study, the expression dynamics and functional divergence of the HSP70 genes in the Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis) under developmental stages and high temperature treatment were investigated. There are 63 HSP70 family members identified in the Yesso scallop by genome-wide analysis. Notably, the tandem duplication accounts for 58.73 % of HSP70 genes, including a striking expansion of the PyHSPa12 subfamily, underscoring a lineage-specific expansion mechanism that significantly diverges from the broader genomic trend. Phylogenetic relationship, motif architecture, and Ka/Ks ratio indicate that the majority of tandem duplicates are subject to a purifying selection clade including PyHSPa12B-3, PyHSPa12B-4, and closely related genes have undergone positive selection at key codon sites (codons 46, 88, and 112). Transcriptome profiling in developmental stages and adult tissues, as well as in the gills of scallopssubjected to high temperature treatment revealed distinct expression patterns of PyHSP70s, among which PyHSPa12B-4 and PyHSPa5-3, exhibit developmental stage-specific or tissue-specific high expression. Importantly, the SE_5803 and SE_5802 in PyHSPa12B-4 exhibited significant exon skipping in the JB_AB comparison natural sea water warming, providing evidence that alternative splicing plays a critical role in modulating the response of scallops upon high temperature by generating protein isoforms with distinct regulatory or functional properties. These findings collectively reveal an expanded HSP70 gene family in P. yessoensis, which exhibits dynamic alternative splicing upon high temperature stress, offering novel insights into the evolution of HSP gene families and the adaptation mechanisms of scallops.

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