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Traceability in multi-tier supply chains: insights from five case studies

Kati Schaëfer,Anni-Kaisa Kähkönen,Davide Luzzini

Published 2025 in Supply Chain Management

ABSTRACT

The study aims to explore the complexities of multi-tier sustainable supply chain management (MT-SSCM) by investigating the factors that influence traceability and how these factors affect firms’ efforts towards MT-SSCM. Using a multiple case study approach, this study provides empirical evidence from 25 firms across 5 multi-tier supply chains in various industries. The study involved 5 focal firms, 10 first-tier suppliers and 10 lower-tier suppliers as the primary data sources, obtaining data through 44 semi-structured interviews. Using inductive data analysis, this study revealed four key factors that affect traceability for sustainability: supply chain complexity, regulatory and industry environments, information sharing and traceability resources. The findings highlight the role of traceability in driving firms’ efforts towards MT-SSCM. This study offers valuable insights for firms and their purchasing and supply chain management on achieving supply chain traceability for sustainability. By understanding and leveraging these enablers, firms can develop appropriate strategies to achieve traceability for sustainable multi-tier supply chain management. This study responds to the call for more research on the intersection of traceability and multi-tier supply chain management. Furthermore, it studies firms at multiple levels of the supply chain, including lower-tier suppliers.

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