Three-Dimensional-Printed Lateral Extraction Enhanced Desorption Electrospray Ionization Source for Mass Spectrometry

This paper introduces a novel Lateral Extraction Enhanced Desorption Electrospray Ionization (LEE-DESI) source. This source is specifically designed to tackle the crucial issue of electric field interference in dual-channel ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS). By incorporating dual-channel spraying-based desorption and extraction into a 3D-printed chamber with optimized spatial parameters, the system effectively reduces cross-channel interference while boosting ionization efficiency. The desorption spray is responsible for desorbing analytes from untreated samples, and the extraction spray further ionizes more neutral droplets through charge transfer, which substantially enhances sensitivity. Compared with traditional DESI, the LEE-DESI source demonstrates improved detection limits, reproducibility, and operational simplicity, as validated using Rhodamine B, L-arginine, and Angiotensin I, as well as drug standards including methadone, ketamine, and fentanyl. This highlights its potential for high-throughput analysis of complex matrices in proteomics, metabolomics, and biomedical applications.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Applied Sciences

• Publication date

  2025-08-28

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/app15179468
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Rapid classification of coffee origin by combining mass spectrometry analysis of coffee aroma with deep learning.

  2024cited by this paper
• Rapid screening of illegally added drugs in functional food using a miniature ion trap mass spectrometer.

  2022cited by this paper
• Build, Share and Remix: 3D Printing for Speeding Up the Innovation Cycles in Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (AIMS)

  2022cited by this paper
• Leveraging 3D printing to enhance mass spectrometry: A review.

  2021cited by this paper
• The emerging role of 3D printing in the fabrication of detection systems

  2021cited by this paper
• The emerging role of 3D-printing in ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry.

  2021cited by this paper
• Integration of 3D-printing for a desorption electrospray ionization source for mass spectrometry.

  2020cited by this paper
• Thread-based isoelectric focusing coupled with desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

  2020cited by this paper
• Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Recent Developments and Applications.

  2019cited by this paper
• Multi-channel microfluidic chip coupling with mass spectrometry for simultaneous electro-sprays and extraction

  2017cited by this paper
• A multichannel rotating electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (MRESI): instrumentation and plume interactions

  2016cited by this paper
• 3D-printed polylactic acid supports for enhanced ionization efficiency in desorption electrospray mass spectrometry analysis of liquid and gel samples.

  2016cited by this paper
• Ultrafast (1 μs) Mixing and Fast Protein Folding in Nanodrops Monitored by Mass Spectrometry.

  2016cited by this paper
• Affecting protein charge state distributions in nano-electrospray ionization via in-spray solution mixing using theta capillaries.

  2014cited by this paper
• Investigating Protein Folding and Unfolding in Electrospray Nanodrops Upon Rapid Mixing Using Theta-Glass Emitters

  2014cited by this paper
• Induced Dual-Nanospray: A Novel Internal Calibration Method for Convenient and Accurate Mass Measurement

  2013cited by this paper
• Multinozzle emitter array chips for small-volume proteomics.

  2013cited by this paper
• Chemical aspects of the extractive methods of ambient ionization mass spectrometry.

  2013cited by this paper
• Extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry-enhanced sensitivity using an ion funnel.

  2012cited by this paper
• Microfluidic dual emitter electrospray ionization source for accurate mass measurements.

  2012cited by this paper
• Induced nanoelectrospray ionization for matrix-tolerant and high-throughput mass spectrometry.

  2011cited by this paper
• Multinozzle emitter arrays for nanoelectrospray mass spectrometry.

  2011cited by this paper
• Ambient sampling/ionization mass spectrometry: applications and current trends.

  2011cited by this paper
• What can we learn from ambient ionization techniques?

  2009cited by this paper
• Ambient desorption ionization mass spectrometry

  2008cited by this paper
• Extractive electrospray ionization for direct analysis of undiluted urine, milk and other complex mixtures without sample preparation.

  2006cited by this paper
• Ambient Mass Spectrometry

  2006cited by this paper
• Versatile new ion source for the analysis of materials in open air under ambient conditions.

  2005cited by this paper
• Mass Spectrometry Sampling Under Ambient Conditions with Desorption Electrospray Ionization

  2004cited by this paper

• Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: advances in instrumentation, high-throughput analysis, and imaging applications.

  2025cites this paper