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Effect of Singlet Oxygen on the Stomatal and Cell Wall of Rice Seedling Under Different Stresses

Yao Xiao,Zhong-Wei Zhang,Xin-Yue Yang,Lin-Bei Xie,Li-ping Chen,Yanger Chen,Ming Yuan,Guang-Deng Chen,S. Yuan

Published 2025 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences

ABSTRACT

Singlet oxygen (1O2), a reactive oxygen species, can oxidize lipids, proteins, and DNA at high concentrations, leading to cell death. Despite its extremely short half-life (10−5 s), 1O2 acts as a critical signaling molecule, triggering a retrograde pathway from chloroplasts to the nucleus to regulate nuclear gene expression. In this study, rice seeds were treated with 0, 5, 20 and 80 μM Rose Bengal (RB, a photosensitizer) under moderate light for 3 days to induce 1O2 generation. Treatment with 20 μM RB reduced stomatal density by approximately 25% in three-leaf-stage rice seedlings, while increasing the contents of pectin, hemicellulose, and cellulose in root cell walls by 30–40%. Under drought, salinity, or shading stress, 20 μM RB treatment significantly improved rice tolerance, as evidenced by higher relative water contents (49–58%) and chlorophyll contents (60–76%) and lower malondialdehyde (37–43%) and electrolyte leakage (29–37%) compared to the control. Moreover, RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the significant up-regulation of stomatal development genes (OsTMM and OsβCA1) and cell wall biosynthesis genes (OsF8H and OsLRX2) was associated with RB-induced 1O2 production. Thus, under controlled environmental conditions, 1O2 may regulate stomatal development and cell wall remodeling to enhance rice tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses. These results provide new perspectives for the improvement of rice stress tolerance.

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