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ABSTRACT

Insomnia is a toxicity of cancer and treatment for survivors without an objective biochemical measure. Circadian rhythms are 24-h cycles that influence physiologic processes including sleep, and disrupted rhythms may contribute to insomnia. Here, we use BloodCCD to assess circadian rhythms from RNA-sequencing of blood from cancer survivors with insomnia from the YOCAS-II trial. YOCAS-II aimed to determine whether YOCAS©® yoga or cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) improved insomnia in survivors compared with a behavioral placebo. We hypothesized that circadian rhythms are disrupted in survivors, and that insomnia severity correlates with the degree of circadian disruption. BloodCCD was developed to biochemically assess circadian rhythms in blood. It was adapted from the previously published Clock Correlation Distance (CCD) and uses a correlation matrix of 42 genes known to oscillate throughout the day in blood. Cancer survivors had higher (worse) BloodCCD scores, indicating disrupted circadian clock, compared to healthy individuals. Furthermore, insomnia severity correlated with worse BloodCCD, and those in the YOCAS and behavioral placebo arm showed significant correlation between BloodCCD score and insomnia. BloodCCD shows promise as a biomarker to biochemically detect disrupted circadian rhythms in cancer survivors, and as an indicator for insomnia severity. NCT02613364.

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