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Drone-Assisted Order Picking Problem: Adaptive Genetic Algorithm

Esra Boz,E. B. Tirkolaee

Published 2025 in Syst.

ABSTRACT

This study tries to make some improvements in the order picking operations by offering a novel mathematical model and efficient solution algorithm. Accordingly, the order picking policies are examined to allow for picking more orders by reducing the collection time/distance of order pickers. Batching orders for the pick are included in the order picking process as it could enable the order picker to collect more orders. Since the most labor-intensive movement in the order picking function in a high-level shelf layout is the retrieval of products from upper shelves and placing them onto the collection vehicle in the picker-to-part system, the use of drones is preferred to eliminate this costly movement. Drones assist humans in the order picking process by retrieving products from upper levels, thus reducing the order picking time. Here, a Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) is formulated to deal with drone routing which is then solved based on the Order Picking Problem (OPP) framework. Consequently, an integrated OPP involving both order pickers and drones is addressed and formulated using a Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model. To cope with the complexity of the problem, an Adaptive Genetic Algorithm (AGA) is designed which is able to yield superior results compared to the classical Genetic Algorithm (GA). Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the behavior of the model against real-world fluctuations. The main reason for this research is to speed up the order picking process in warehouses by taking advantage of the tools brought by the technology age. According to the research results, when the results of the drone-assisted order picking process are compared to the order picking process without drone support, an improvement of 29.68% is observed. The theoretical contribution of this work is that it initially mathematically defines the drone-aided OPP in the literature and proposes a solution with the help of the AGA. As a practical contribution, it provides a solution with the capacity to reduce operational costs by accelerating the order picking operation in warehouses and a practical optimization framework for logistics managers. In addition, warehouse managers, senior company managers, and researchers working on order picking processes can benefit from this study.

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