Force Sensing in Multimode Fibers via Wavefront-Shaped Focal-Spot Analysis

Wavefront shaping has revolutionized imaging through multimode fibers (MMFs), but translating this into a robust sensing modality has been challenging. Here, we report a mechanical-sensing platform that combines wavefront shaping with focal-spot feature analysis to convert subtle intermodal coupling changes into quantitative force readouts. The singular-value decomposition (SVD) isolates dominant image features, and Euclidean distance metrics track their evolution under load. Unlike speckle-correlation or SMS sensors that rely on global speckle statistics or dedicated fabrication steps, our approach tracks a wavefront-shaped, localized feature and yields a fabrication-light and linear readout. The sensor delivers a sensitivity of 8.9 × 10-3 N-1, a linear measurement range up to 5 N, and a force resolution of 0.05 N. The spatial mapping reveals that focal spots located midway between the fiber center and periphery offer the highest sensitivity, providing design guidelines for future devices. The approach units imaging-grade wavefront control with the robust feature extraction, opening a path to compact, high-performance fiber sensors for biomedical diagnostics, industrial force monitoring, and environmental metrology.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  IEEE Sensors Journal

• Publication date

  2025-12-01

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2025.3623650
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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