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A Code-Based Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks

Xin Lin,Yusun Fu,Zihao Wang,Junpeng Yin

Published 2025 in IEEE Internet of Things Journal

ABSTRACT

Currently, the majority of authentication mechanisms in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are predominantly based on elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). However, with the rise of quantum computing, traditional cryptographic algorithms such as Rivest–Shamir–Adleman (RSA) and ECC face significant security threats, underscoring the need for exploring alternative cryptographic approaches that can provide robust security guarantees in a postquantum era. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working on the standardization of quantum-resistant public-key cryptographic algorithms, with code-based cryptosystems emerging as a promising alternative. In this article, we introduce a code-based anonymous authentication scheme tailored for VANETs. Our approach leverages code-based group signatures to ensure both anonymity and traceability, facilitating efficient user registration and revocation through fully dynamic group signatures (FDGSs). By utilizing punctured and randomly inserted quasi-cyclic moderate density parity-check (QC-MDPC) codes, we significantly reduce key sizes while enhancing resistance to attacks. Compared to conventional number-theoretic VANET authentication schemes, our method exhibits strong security and quantum resistance. Compared to recent code-based cryptographic solutions, our scheme notably decreases key sizes without increasing signature lengths. Security proofs and analyses validate that our scheme offers high security and meets essential requirements such as anonymity, traceability, nonframeability, and tracing soundness. Efficiency evaluations further demonstrate that our proposal is the first to achieve a code-based anonymous authentication scheme for VANETs with constant signature size.

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