System-specific Determinants of Seed Yield in Common Bean: Insights from Conventional and Organic Path Analyses

Background: This study aimed to determine the direct and indirect effects of various agronomic traits on seed yield in common bean under contrasting conventional and organic cultivation systems using path coefficient analysis. Field experiments were conducted in 2021 at the research and trial area of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University. Methods: Common bean genotypes were grown under conventional and organic management systems using, a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Seed yield (SY) and ten related traits-emergence time (ET), plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), first pod height (FPH), pod length (PL), pod width (PW), pods per plant (PPP), seeds per pod (SPP), 100-seed weight (HSW) and biomass yield (BY)-were measured. Result: Correlation coefficients were calculated and path analysis was performed separately for each system to partition correlations into direct and indirect effects on seed yield. Correlation analysis revealed differing significant associations between traits under the two systems. Path analysis identified distinct pathways influencing seed yield. In the conventional system, Emergence Time (ET) exhibited the largest positive direct effect (P=1.143) on seed yield, indicating the importance of rapid establishment. However, Pods per Plant (PPP) showed a strong negative direct effect (P=-1.359), while 100-Seed Weight (HSW) also had a notable negative direct effect (P=-0.337). In contrast, under the organic system, Pods per Plant (PPP) exerted the strongest positive direct effect (P=0.567) on seed yield, followed by biomass yield (BY) (P=0.428) and emergence time (ET) (P=0.473). First pod height (FPH) showed the most substantial negative direct effect (P=-0.487) in the organic system. The influence of PPP on seed yield was notably contrasting, shifting from strongly negative under conventional management to strongly positive under organic conditions. The study highlights that the mechanisms determining seed yield in common bean differ significantly between conventional and organic systems. While rapid emergence was paramount in the conventional system, maximizing pods per plant was the key driver under organic conditions, alongside biomass accumulation. These system-specific yield determination pathways suggest that breeding programs and agronomic management strategies should be tailored to the target cultivation environment (conventional or organic) to optimize common bean seed yield.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Legume Research An International Journal

• Publication date

  2025-11-04

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.18805/lrf-893
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Comparative analysis of organic and conventional farm sustainability in peri-urban zones of Rabat, Morocco: insights and perspectives

  2025cited by this paper
• Association between agronomic traits and metabolite profiles on yield response and water use efficiency in newly developed wheat populations under drought stressed conditions

  2025cited by this paper
• GGE biplot and QTL analyses for seed yield in an Andean population of common bean

  2025cited by this paper
• Path analysis of yield and yield components in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) genotypes

  2024cited by this paper
• Farm typologies for understanding farm systems and improving agricultural policy

  2024cited by this paper
• Perspectives on sustainable food production system: Characteristics and green technologies

  2024cited by this paper
• Organic cropping systems balance environmental impacts and agricultural production

  2024cited by this paper
• Understanding correlation and path analysis in chickpea under late sown conditions

  2024cited by this paper
• Combination of meta‐analysis of QTL and GWAS to uncover the genetic architecture of seed yield and seed yield components in common bean

  2023cited by this paper
• Comparison of organic and conventional cropping systems: A systematic review of life cycle assessment studies

  2023cited by this paper
• Effect of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Varieties and Variable Rates of Potassium Fertilizer on Yield and Yield-Related Traits at Areka, Southern Ethiopia

  2023cited by this paper
• Dry beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as a vital component of sustainable agriculture and food security—A review

  2022cited by this paper
• Determining the Relationship between SPAD Values and Common Bean Seed (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Yield by Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis Method by using Different Organic Fertilizer

  2022cited by this paper
• Correlation and Path Analysis Studies in Elite Lines of Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]

  2022cited by this paper
• Conventional vs. Organic Agriculture–Which One Promotes Better Yields and Microbial Resilience in Rapidly Changing Climates?

  2022cited by this paper
• Common bean as a potential crop for future food security: an overview of past, current and future contributions in genomics, transcriptomics, transgenics and proteomics

  2021cited by this paper
• Correlation and path coefficient analysis in determining the characteristics that affect seed yield in different lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) genotypes in Kahramanmaras conditions

  2021cited by this paper
• QTL analysis of seed size and yield-related traits in an inter-genepool population of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

  2020cited by this paper
• GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS IN WILD (PISUM SATIVUM L. SUBSP. ELATIUS AND SUBSP. SATIVUM) AND CULTIVATED PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.) GENOTYPES IN NORTHERN AND SOUTHERN TURKEY

  2020cited by this paper
• A Research on Determination of the Morphological and Agronomical Characteristics of Local Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes Under the Organic Farming System in Bayburt

  2018cited by this paper
• Genetic variability, correlation and path coefficient analysis for quantitative traits in chickpea genotypes

  2017cited by this paper
• Genome‐Wide Association Study of Agronomic Traits in Common Bean

  2015cited by this paper
• Determination of Relationships between Yield Components in Bean by Using Path Coefficient Analysis

  2013influential reference
• Comparing the yields of organic and conventional agriculture

  2012cited by this paper
• Environmental Impact of Different Agricultural Management Practices: Conventional vs. Organic Agriculture

  2011cited by this paper
• Correlation and path coefficient analysis of yield and agronomic characters among open pollinated maize varieties and their F1 hybrids in a diallel cross

  2010cited by this paper
• Evolutionary aspects of the trade-off between seed size and number in crops

  2007cited by this paper
• The performance of organic and conventional cropping systems in an extreme climate year

  2003cited by this paper
• Soil Fertility and Biodiversity in Organic Farming

  2002cited by this paper
• Managing soil fertility in organic farming systems

  2002cited by this paper
• Legume-based cropping systems have reduced carbon and nitrogen losses

  1998cited by this paper
• Path analyses identify indirect selection criteria for yield of late-planted soybean

  1997cited by this paper
• YIELD COMPONENTS OF HARICOT BEANS (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) GROWN AT DIFFERENT PLANT DENSITIES

  1971cited by this paper
• Basis of Yield Component Compensation in Crop Plants With Special Reference to the Field Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris 1

  1967cited by this paper
• The Method of Path Coefficients

  1934cited by this paper
• Correlation, Causation and Wright's Theory of "Path Coefficients".

  1922cited by this paper
• Seed vigour and crop establishment – extending performance beyond adaptation

  year unknowncited by this paper

• No citing papers are available for this paper.