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Synthesis and functional assessment of gelatin-stabilized silver nanoparticles: a study on their ionic stability, free radical scavenging, and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity.

R. Shittu,P. C. Pwavodi

Published 2025 in Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition

ABSTRACT

Over the past few decades, there has been much interest in developing biocompatible, multifunctional nanoparticles for medicinal uses. In this study, gelatin-stabilized silver nanoparticles, Gel-AgNP, were synthesized using a green chemical reduction method and thoroughly characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Light Scattering, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The ionic stability of the produced nano-particles was tested in the presence of sodium chloride to determine their colloidal nature under physiological environments. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of Gel-AgNP was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The agar disk diffusion method wasused to assess their antibacterial activity against bacterial strains. The Gel-AgNP showed a surface plasmon resonance around 440 nm. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis revealed a hydrodynamic diameter of 107.9 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.27, and a zeta potential of +11.03 mV. Ionic stability revealed an increment in size from 107 to 237 nm as NaCl concentration was increased from 25 to 150 mM.. Gel-AgNP demonstrated strong antioxidant capacity with IC50 values of 132 µg/mL for DPPH and 133 µg/mL for H2O2, after comparison with 550 and 210 µg/mL for gelatin alone. The disk diffusion assay revealed inhibition zones of 5-10 mm for E. coli, 2-7 mm for E. feacalis. 20 µg/mL doses possessed moderate sensitivity in P. aeruginosa, whereas S. aureus was inhibited only at 20 µg/mL. These findings lend credence to the Gel-AgNP potential in biological applications, particularly in producing antioxidant-rich antibacterial nanocomposites.

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