Serum Vitamin D Levels Over Time and the Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation in the HUNT Study

Abstract Background Evidence of the association between serum vitamin D levels and atrial fibrillation (AF) is inconclusive. Thus, this study investigated the relationship between long-term average serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and AF incidence in the Norwegian Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study using a prospective cohort design and a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods A total of 3394 adults with 2 measurements of serum 25(OH)D at HUNT2 (1995-1997) and HUNT3 (2006-2008) and without AF at HUNT3 were followed up to 2021. Average serum 25(OH)D levels over 10 years were categorized into <50 and ≥50 nmol/L. AF diagnoses were retrieved from hospital registers and validated by doctors. Cox regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Furthermore, a 1-sample MR was conducted among 36 554 adults who participated in both HUNT2 and HUNT3 using the Wald ratio method. Results During a median 12-year follow-up, 304 AF cases were diagnosed. Serum 25(OH)D levels <50.0 nmol/L were associated with a 27% reduced incidence of AF (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.57-0.93) compared with ≥50 nmol/L after adjustment for confounders. A genetically determined 10 nmol/L decrease in the serum 25(OH)D levels was associated with a 7% reduced incidence of AF (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.86-1.00) in the 1-sample MR. Sensitivity analyses supported this association. Conclusion Using both traditional observational and 1-sample MR approaches, the study suggested a consistently positive association between long-term average serum 25(OH)D levels and incidence of AF in the Norwegian HUNT population.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Journal of the Endocrine Society

• Publication date

  2025-11-05

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1210/jendso/bvaf168PMID 41278013PMCID 12635478
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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