Expression Pattern Alterations of the Brain KCC2 Chloride Transporter in Male Rats Following Postnatal Extremely Low‐Frequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure Associated With Behavioral Outcomes

Mozhdeh Nemati,M. Nozari,Fatemeh Darvishzadeh-mahani,Meysam Ahmadi-Zeidabadi,Sepideh Ganjalikhan-Hakemi,Hamideh Bashiri,S. Haratizadeh

Published 2025 in Birth Defects Research

ABSTRACT

Exposure to extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) has increased with technological development. Environmental factors are known to influence the K+–Cl− cotransporter 2 (KCC2), which regulates neuronal chloride homeostasis and is essential for brain development through its role in the GABAergic shift. In this study, we investigated the effects of ELF‐MF exposure on KCC2 expression and related behavioral and biochemical outcomes in Wistar rat pups.

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