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Microscale modeling of nano-detergent flow in woven textiles in presence of oil dirt spot: a VOF simulation approach

Hossein Rezaei Shahi,M. Montazeri,Arman Moradi,Saeed Dinarvand

Published 2025 in International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow

ABSTRACT

Understanding the flow dynamics of nano-detergents through woven textile pores is critical for enhancing cleaning efficiency at the microscale. This study aims to investigate a nano-detergent flow where a detergent-based liquid enhanced with nanoparticles interacts with an oil dirt spot embedded in a porous textile structure. Using the Volume of Fluid method within ANSYS Fluent, simulations are conducted under laminar flow conditions to model the interfacial behavior and mass transfer between the detergent and oil phases. Five mono nanoparticles (ZnO, TiO2, Ag, SiO2 and Fe2O3) are examined, with ZnO evaluated at varying concentrations (ϕ = 0.1%–0.4%) to assess their impact on mechanical (friction factor) and thermal (Nusselt number) performance. In the present investigation, the ZnO/detergent solution exhibits the highest average friction factor (2,146.49) which proves the enhanced mechanical abrasion against dirt spots. Moreover, the Ag/detergent solution demonstrates the highest average Nusselt number (3.4596), suggesting heat transfer capabilities that can help thermal breakdown of oil dirt spot. The ZnO/detergent solution also performs well in heat transfer (average Nusselt number of 3.3731) which offers a reliable performance of both mechanical and thermal aspects, thereby emerging as the most promising candidate for detergency. Increased ZnO nanoparticle concentration consistently improves both friction factor and Nusselt number. At low Reynolds numbers (Re = 0.48), the flow shows pronounced temporal fluctuations with clear peaks in friction factor and heat transfer, while higher Reynolds numbers (Re = 1.92) result in smoother, more stable flow profiles and enhanced thermal performance. An inverse correlation is observed between oil spot mass transfer rate parameter (R) and the mean friction factor, particularly at lower Re values, suggesting that as more dirt spot is removed, flow resistance decreases because of reduced drag. On the other hand, the mean Nusselt number increases with R, indicating that effective dirt spot detachment promotes better heat transfer by exposing cleaner pore surfaces. For the first time, this study provides a comprehensive numerical framework for analyzing nano-detergent behavior in textile pore flows which offers valuable achievements in modeling technique, suitable geometry, real flow conditions, nanoparticle selection and more.

PUBLICATION RECORD

  • Publication year

    2025

  • Venue

    International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat & Fluid Flow

  • Publication date

    2025-11-06

  • Fields of study

    Not labeled

  • Identifiers
    DOI 10.1108/hff-04-2025-0257
  • External record

    Open on Semantic Scholar

  • Source metadata

    Semantic Scholar

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