Comammox ammonia oxidization and N2O production in vadose and saturated zone soils.

Riparian zones are biogeochemical hotspots of N2O emission. The important role of ammonia oxidation in N2O production has been reported in rivers, even higher than heterotrophic denitrification, however, the mechanisms controlling riparian N2O production remain unknown. Here, we found that complete ammonia oxidation (comammox) process significantly contributes to ammonia oxidation and N2O production in subsurface riparian zone. The contribution of comammox to ammonia oxidation in surface soils (38.7 ± 6.5 %) is equivalent to that of bacterial ammonia oxidation (49.4 ± 6.9 %), and both processes are significantly more important than archaeal ammonia oxidation (11.9 ± 4.1 %). Moreover, comammox dominates ammonia oxidation in both vadose and saturated zone soils, especially in summer with the average contributions of over 67.9 %. However, as a biotic N2O production pathway, comammox produces more N2O in vadose (up to 72 %) and saturated zone (up to 100.0 %) soils, significantly higher than that produced by archaeal ammonia oxidation (32.0 ± 4.0 %) and bacterial ammonia oxidation (18.0 ± 5.7 %). We obtained the first metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) of comammox bacteria in a riparian profile, and metagenomic binning analysis revealed that the wide niche of comammox may attribute to its diverse metabolic pathways, which not only perform ammonia oxidation but also nitrate reduction to ammonia. This research enhances the understanding of the biogeochemical ammonia cycle in riparian zone systems and provides new insights for the control of nitrogen pollution in riparian zones.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Water Research

• Publication date

  2025-11-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2025.124899PMID 41240515
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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