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MULTIDIMENSIONAL PHYTOPHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE GENUS SYMPLOCOS (SYMPLOCACEAE): A REVIEW

J. Malavika,K. Thenmozhi

Published 2025 in International journal of research - granthaalayah

ABSTRACT

The Symplocos genus, comprising more than 300 species of flowering plants, has garnered significant attention in both traditional and modern medicine. This genus, commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions, has a rich history of use in traditional medicinal systems worldwide. Extracts from these plants have been employed to treat various ailments, including digestive disorders, diabetes, cancer and respiratory issues. In the realm of modern medicine, Symplocos species have undergone extensive phytochemical analysis. However, to date there is no collective information on the pharmacognostical and pharmacological significance of this genus together. Hence, this review article aims to highlight the phytochemical, ethnobotanical, pharmacognostical, pharmacological and molecular aspects that have been studied in the Symplocos genus for a deeper understanding of recent literature relating to phytochemical and pharmacological attributes of various Symplocos species. Researchers have tapped various bioactive entities, including alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which contribute to their therapeutic properties. These phytochemical investigations have laid the foundation for further exploration of Symplocos-derived compounds as potential pharmaceutical agents. Pharmacognostical studies in this genus have explored the further characterisation and standardisation of Symplocos extracts, ensuring their quality and safety in medicinal applications. Additionally, pharmacological investigations have provided valuable insights into the mechanism of action of these extracts, revealing their potential in treating various diseases. Notably, Symplocos extracts have displayed anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, and gene expression studies have shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the pharmacological effects of Symplocos compounds. This review article emphasises the importance of the Symplocos genus, which holds great medicinal potential, with studies confirming its diverse bioactive compounds and therapeutic properties. The pharmacological and molecular investigations on this genus have provided valuable insights into its mechanisms of action. Continued research in this field holds greater promise of unveiling novel therapeutic agents and expanding novel exposure of their mechanism of action in the discovery of novel drug leads.

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