Correlates of discrimination and vigilance severity profiles in a national United States sample.

BACKGROUND There are long-standing disparities in discrimination and hypervigilance, however there is no research exploring correlates of different severity profiles using a national U.S. SAMPLE We identified patterns in discrimination and vigilance, and examined sociodemographic, health, and geographic factors associated with severity. METHODS Data was retrieved from 28,202 individuals in the 2023 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative U.S. sample of adults aged 18+. Respondents completed the Everyday Discrimination Scale and Heightened Vigilance Scale, and a latent class analysis (LCA) identified severity subgroups. Weighted multinomial logistic regression analyzed sociodemographic, health, and geographic variables associated with discrimination-vigilance severity. RESULTS Three discrimination-vigilance severity latent classes emerged: low (45.6 %), moderate (39.8 %), and high (14.7 %). High severity was significantly associated with Black (Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] = 3.62, 95 % CI = 3.07-4.27) and Asian (RRR = 1.25, 95 % CI = 1.04-1.51) racial groups, female (RRR = 1.14, 95 % CI = 1.03-1.26), higher education such as graduate degree (RRR = 2.48, 95 % CI = 1.92-3.20), U.S. citizenship (RRR = 1.75, 95 % CI = 1.39-2.22), employed (RRR = 1.64, 95 % CI = 1.39-2.22), sexual minoritized groups such as bisexual orientation (RRR = 3.95, 95 % CI = 2.91-5.37), poor health (RRR = 2.14, 95 % CI = 1.54-2.97), disability (RRR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.02-1.46), depression (RRR = 3.11, 95 % CI = 2.53-3.84), anxiety (RRR = 4.07, 95 % CI = 3.39-4.87), and West region (RRR = 1.45, 95 % CI = 1.17-1.78). CONCLUSIONS We identified discrimination-vigilance severity subgroups, with numerous sociodemographic, health, and geographic factors linked to high severity. These results may identify high-risk individuals and guide clinical practice given the influence of discrimination and vigilance on psychological distress and mental health disorders.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Journal of Affective Disorders

• Publication date

  2025-11-01

• Fields of study

  Sociology, Medicine, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.jad.2025.120647PMID 41224021
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Health Care Discrimination and Immigration Fears: Unpacking COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Latino Adults.

  2024cited by this paper
• Racial Discrimination and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

  2024cited by this paper
• Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Vicarious and Direct COVID-19–Related Discrimination and Vigilance

  2023cited by this paper
• Vigilance and Protection: How Asian and Pacific Islander, Black, Latina, and Middle Eastern Women Cope with Racism

  2023cited by this paper
• Impact of United States refugee ban and discrimination on the mental health of hypertensive Arabic-speaking refugees

  2023cited by this paper
• Trends in lifespan variation across the spectrum of rural and urban places in the United States, 1990–2017

  2022cited by this paper
• Education-based stigma and discrimination among young adults not in 4-year college

  2022cited by this paper
• Rethinking minority stress: A social safety perspective on the health effects of stigma in sexually-diverse and gender-diverse population.

  2022cited by this paper
• Outness, Discrimination, and Psychological Distress Among LGBTQ+ People Living in the Southern United States

  2022cited by this paper
• Historical neighbourhood redlining and contemporary environmental racism

  2022cited by this paper
• Keeping Your Guard Up: Hypervigilance Among Urban Residents Affected By Community And Police Violence.

  2019cited by this paper
• Resting amygdala connectivity and basal sympathetic tone as markers of chronic hypervigilance.

  2019cited by this paper
• Associations between age discrimination and health and wellbeing: cross-sectional and prospective analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

  2019cited by this paper
• Understanding how discrimination can affect health

  2019cited by this paper
• Vigilant attention to threat, sleep patterns, and anxiety in peripubertal youth

  2018cited by this paper
• Police‐Recorded Crime and Disparities in Obesity and Blood Pressure Status in Chicago

  2018cited by this paper
• Factors promoting vulnerability to dysregulated stress reactivity and stress‐related disease

  2018cited by this paper
• The weight of racism: Vigilance and racial inequalities in weight-related measures.

  2017cited by this paper
• Discrimination and sleep: a systematic review.

  2016cited by this paper
• Citizenship as Privilege and Social Identity

  2016cited by this paper
• A Differential Item Functional Analysis by Age of Perceived Interpersonal Discrimination in a Multi-racial/ethnic Sample of Adults.

  2015cited by this paper
• Stimulation of Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation by Psychosocial Stress

  2014cited by this paper
• Health disparities among adults with physical disabilities or cognitive limitations compared to individuals with no disabilities in the United States.

  2011cited by this paper
• RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH

  2011cited by this paper

• No citing papers are available for this paper.