Artificial intelligence in musculoskeletal radiology: practical aspects and latest perspectives

Abstract Musculoskeletal (MSK) imaging was among the first radiology subspecialties to adopt artificial intelligence (AI), with applications now spanning the entire MSK workflow, from image acquisition to reporting. Deep learning-based reconstruction protocols can accelerate MRI by reducing scan times and artefacts, improving accessibility in high-volume and resource-limited settings. Furthermore, AI interpretation tools have demonstrated strong performance in fracture detection, assessment of meniscal and ligament tears, bone tumour characterization and automated quantification of measurements, supporting greater diagnostic consistency across radiologists with varying experience levels. Large language models (LLMs) extend AI’s impact beyond image analysis by simplifying reports for patients, automating classification systems, and streamlining clinical communication. Despite these advances, important challenges remain. Integration of AI into already established clinical workflows can be complex, and requires robust technical solutions, regulatory compliance, and strategies to maintain radiologist oversight. Questions of liability, cost-effectiveness, and the role of AI in medical education further underscore the need for careful implementation. AI is poised to fundamentally reshape MSK radiology by enhancing efficiency, improving diagnostic accuracy, and enabling more patient-centred communication. To fully realize this potential, adoption must balance innovation with safety, equity, and sustainability, ensuring AI remains a trusted assistive tool that strengthens rather than replaces radiologist expertise.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  BJR|Open

• Publication date

  2025-01-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Computer Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1093/bjro/tzaf029PMID 41357265PMCID 12681254
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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