Effects of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis in Chronic Periodontitis Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Clinico-Microbiological Study

Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial and polymicrobial disease associated with microbial dysbiosis. Diabetes mellitus can modify the onset and course of periodontitis and has a bidirectional relationship with chronic periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis is considered to be a key pathogen in the progression of periodontitis, and Filifactor alocis is a relevant pathobiont in diabetic individuals. The present study was designed to evaluate non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) on the prevalence of P. gingivalis and F. alocis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with chronic periodontitis. Objective: To evaluate the effect of NSPT on subgingival detection of P. gingivalis and F. alocis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and on clinical parameters (probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL)) in adults with T2DM and chronic periodontitis at baseline, three months, and six months. The secondary objective is to explore associations between microbial detection and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Methods: A total of 30 T2DM patients aged between 30 and 70 years with chronic periodontitis (PPD ≥5 mm, CAL ≥3 mm) voluntarily participated in this study. Clinical parameters like PPD and CAL were recorded at baseline, three months, and six months post-NSPT. Plaque samples from subgingival sites were collected from the deepest pockets and analysed for P. gingivalis and F. alocis using PCR. Results: NSPT resulted in improvements that are statistically significant in PPD and CAL measurements (p < 0.05) over the six months. PCR analysis revealed a statistically significant percentage reduction of P. gingivalis and F. alocis after therapy. The decrease in P. gingivalis level was more consistent compared to F. alocis, indicating possible microbial resistance to NSPT. Conclusion: NSPT was associated with improved clinical periodontal status and reduced microbial presence of key periodontal pathogens in T2DM patients. The findings of the present study suggest that NSPT contributes significantly to the improvement of periodontal health in diabetic patients.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Cureus

• Publication date

  2025-11-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.7759/cureus.96524PMID 41393704PMCID 12696401
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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