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Optimisation of an effective trapping system for monitoring fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda: lure composition, dosage, trap design, and nonanal synergist.

Junyan Liu,J. Fang,X. He,Mengbo Guo,Yidie Xu,Xinyi Gu,Sijia Yu,Xingzhou Liu,Jianyu Deng

Published 2025 in Journal of Economic Entomology

ABSTRACT

The invasive fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith JE) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a major invasive agricultural pest worldwide, requiring effective monitoring tools for timely integrated pest management (IPM). The efficacy of pheromone lures can vary geographically, necessitating regional validation and optimisation. To develop a regionally optimised trapping system for monitoring S. frugiperda populations in Zhejiang Province, China, we conducted sequential two-year field trials to evaluate the effects of seven sex pheromone blends, five lure dosages, four trap designs, and the potential synergist nonanal on trapping efficiency. Our results demonstrated that a two-component blend of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate and (Z)-7-dodecenyl acetate in a 99.4:0.6 ratio was the most attractive and specific lure. Trap captures were highest with a high dosage (3,000 µg) deployed in a bucket trap, which significantly outperformed delta, wing, and vertical traps. The addition of 120 µg nonanal to the two-component blend acted as a synergist, significantly increasing S. frugiperda captures. The optimised system was then applied to monitor the local seasonal population dynamics of S. frugiperda, revealing a main flight peak in late September. This study provides the first optimised trapping system for S. frugiperda in this key agricultural region, offering a validated tool for precise, data-driven monitoring and defining a clear 'action window' for improving the sustainable management of this invasive pest.

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