AKV: Agile Read-Efficiently Key-Value OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Memory

Non-volatile memory (NVM), as an emerging storage technology, offers several advantageous features for OLTP engines, including byte-addressability, high capacity, low energy consumption, and data persistence across power failures. Despite these benefits, the current mainstream OLTP engines still commonly adopt a hybrid architecture that deeply couples DRAM with NVM, which results in a complex system architecture and high recovery costs. In this paper, we aim to construct a highly available, stable, and recoverable OLTP engine that guarantees ACID properties through an agile system architecture. We introduce AKV (Agile Key-Value), an NVM-only OLTP storage engine designed to provide effective space utilization, high throughput, and fast failure recovery. AKV addresses the challenges of NVM space management, write redundancy, and concurrency control with two novel techniques: dual-version concurrency control and circular dual-version storage. Experimental results demonstrate that AKV achieves higher throughput (up to 69.7%) and faster recovery (up to 54×) compared to existing storage engines in most scenarios of the TPC-C benchmarks. Additionally, the codebase of AKV (4k+ lines) is more concise than that of SOTA OLTP engines like Zen (8k+ lines) and Falcon (11k+ lines). In addition, this study innovatively proposes a read abort optimization strategy based on dynamic version changes. The experimental results show that this strategy can significantly reduce the transaction abort rate of AKV in specific workload scenarios while maintaining stable system throughput, achieving a maximum reduction of up to 73% in the abort count.

• Publication year

  2026

• Venue

  IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering

• Publication date

  2026-02-01

• Fields of study

  Computer Science, Engineering

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1109/TKDE.2025.3632295
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Falcon: Fast OLTP Engine for Persistent Cache and Non-Volatile Memory

  2023influential reference
• Integrating Non-Volatile Main Memory in a Deterministic Database

  2023influential reference
• PLIN: A Persistent Learned Index for Non-Volatile Memory with High Performance and Instant Recovery

  2022cited by this paper
• Multi-Clock Snapshot Isolation Concurrency Control for NVM Database

  2022cited by this paper
• Hello bytes, bye blocks: PCIe storage meets compute express link for memory expansion (CXL-SSD)

  2022cited by this paper
• Zen: a High-Throughput Log-Free OLTP Engine for Non-Volatile Main Memory

  2021influential reference
• FlatStore: An Efficient Log-Structured Key-Value Storage Engine for Persistent Memory

  2020cited by this paper
• Comparing NVM Technologies through the Lens of Intermittent Computation

  2020cited by this paper
• Pisces: A Scalable and Efficient Persistent Transactional Memory

  2019cited by this paper
• BzTree: A High-Performance Latch-free Range Index for Non-Volatile Memory

  2018cited by this paper
• Managing Non-Volatile Memory in Database Systems

  2018cited by this paper
• High-Density NAND-Like Spin Transfer Torque Memory With Spin Orbit Torque Erase Operation

  2018cited by this paper
• Cicada: Dependably Fast Multi-Core In-Memory Transactions

  2017cited by this paper
• HiKV: A Hybrid Index Key-Value Store for DRAM-NVM Memory Systems

  2017cited by this paper
• Efficient STT-RAM last-level-cache architecture to replace DRAM cache

  2017cited by this paper
• TicToc: Time Traveling Optimistic Concurrency Control

  2016cited by this paper
• Write-Behind Logging

  2016influential reference
• Persistent B+-Trees in Non-Volatile Main Memory

  2015cited by this paper
• Fast Serializable Multi-Version Concurrency Control for Main-Memory Database Systems

  2015cited by this paper
• Let's Talk About Storage & Recovery Methods for Non-Volatile Memory Database Systems

  2015cited by this paper
• A Prolegomenon on OLTP Database Systems for Non-Volatile Memory

  2014cited by this paper
• Staring into the Abyss: An Evaluation of Concurrency Control with One Thousand Cores

  2014cited by this paper
• Speedy transactions in multicore in-memory databases

  2013cited by this paper
• Metal–Oxide RRAM

  2012cited by this paper
• Fast checkpoint recovery algorithms for frequently consistent applications

  2011cited by this paper
• How to efficiently snapshot transactional data: hardware or software controlled?

  2011cited by this paper
• Phase change memory

  2011cited by this paper
• Benchmarking cloud serving systems with YCSB

  2010cited by this paper
• Rethinking DRAM design and organization for energy-constrained multi-cores

  2010cited by this paper
• The Case for Energy-Proportional Computing

  2007cited by this paper
• Two-phase locking performance and its thrashing behavior

  1993cited by this paper
• Results

  1969cited by this paper

• No citing papers are available for this paper.