Genomic evidence for the Holocene codispersal of dogs and humans across Eastern Eurasia.

As the first domestic species, dogs likely dispersed with different cultural groups during the Late Pleistocene and Holocene. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed 73 ancient dog genomes, including 17 newly sequenced individuals sampled from East Asia to the West Eurasian Steppe spanning nearly 10,000 years. Our results indicate correlations between the ancestry of dogs and specific ancient human populations from eastern Europe to Eastern Siberia, including Ancient Paleo-Siberians, Eastern hunter-gatherers, East Asians, and Steppe pastoralists. We also identify multiple shifts in the ancestry of dogs that coincide with specific dispersals of hunter-gatherers, farmers, and pastoralists. Combined, our results reveal the long-term and integral role that dogs played in a multitude of human societies.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Science

• Publication date

  2025-11-13

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, History

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1126/science.adu2836PMID 41231995
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Ancient genomics and the origin, dispersal, and development of domestic sheep.

  2025cited by this paper
• Genomic dynamics of the Lower Yellow River Valley since the Early Neolithic.

  2024cited by this paper
• Ancient genomes reveal over two thousand years of dingo population structure

  2024cited by this paper
• Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 bce in Eurasia

  2024cited by this paper
• Ancient genomes reveal Avar-Hungarian transformations in the 9th-10th centuries CE Carpathian Basin

  2024cited by this paper
• Ancient Mitogenomes Reveal the Maternal Genetic History of East Asian Dogs

  2024cited by this paper
• The Allen Ancient DNA Resource (AADR) a curated compendium of ancient human genomes

  2024cited by this paper
• The rise and transformation of Bronze Age pastoralists in the Caucasus

  2024cited by this paper
• Palaeogenomics of Upper Palaeolithic to Neolithic European hunter-gatherers

  2023cited by this paper
• Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia

  2023cited by this paper
• Inferring the demographic history of Hexi Corridor over the past two millennia from ancient genomes.

  2023cited by this paper
• Earliest systematic coal exploitation for fuel extended to ~3600 B.P.

  2023cited by this paper
• A Metric Analysis of a Human Cranium from the Khatystyr Cave, Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)

  2023cited by this paper
• Horse domestication as a multi-centered, multi-stage process: Botai and the role of specialized Eneolithic horse pastoralism in the development of human-equine relationships

  2023cited by this paper
• Natural and human-driven selection of a single non-coding body size variant in ancient and modern canids.

  2022cited by this paper
• Bayesian inference of admixture graphs on Native American and Arctic populations

  2022cited by this paper
• A Late Pleistocene human genome from Southwest China.

  2022cited by this paper
• Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs

  2022cited by this paper
• Diversification in Feeding Pattern of Livestock in Early Bronze Age Northwestern China

  2022cited by this paper
• Direct dating of the earliest domesticated cattle and caprines in northwestern China reveals the history of pastoralism in the Gansu-Qinghai region

  2022cited by this paper
• The spatiotemporal patterns of major human admixture events during the European Holocene

  2022cited by this paper
• Stable Isotopic Evidence for Human and Animal Diets From the Late Neolithic to the Ming Dynasty in the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Hulu River Valley, NW China

  2022cited by this paper
• Bronze and Iron Age population movements underlie Xinjiang population history

  2022cited by this paper
• Struct-f4: a Rcpp package for ancestry profile and population structure inference from f4-statistics

  2022cited by this paper
• Dog domestication and the dual dispersal of people and dogs into the Americas

  2021cited by this paper
• Large-scale migration into Britain during the Middle to Late Bronze Age

  2021cited by this paper
• The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes

  2021cited by this paper
• Modern Siberian dog ancestry was shaped by several thousand years of Eurasian-wide trade and human dispersal

  2021cited by this paper
• Peopling of the Americas as inferred from ancient genomics

  2021cited by this paper
• A Fast and Efficient Single-stranded Genomic Library Preparation Method Optimized for Ancient DNA

  2021cited by this paper
• Genomic Insights into the Formation of Human Populations in East Asia

  2021cited by this paper
• Human population dynamics and Yersinia pestis in ancient northeast Asia

  2021cited by this paper
• Ancient DNA indicates human population shifts and admixture in northern and southern China

  2020cited by this paper
• Ancient DNA evidence from China reveals the expansion of Pacific dogs.

  2020cited by this paper
• A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia’s Eastern Steppe

  2020cited by this paper
• Large-scale Inference of Population Structure in Presence of Missingness using PCA

  2020cited by this paper
• Ancient genomes from northern China suggest links between subsistence changes and human migration

  2020cited by this paper
• Arctic-adapted dogs emerged at the Pleistocene–Holocene transition

  2020cited by this paper
• Genetic ancestry changes in Stone to Bronze Age transition in the East European plain

  2020cited by this paper
• Origins and genetic legacy of prehistoric dogs

  2020cited by this paper
• Ancient DNA reveals a multistep spread of the first herders into sub-Saharan Africa

  2019cited by this paper
• The formation of human populations in South and Central Asia

  2019cited by this paper
• The evolutionary history of dogs in the Americas

  2018cited by this paper
• The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene

  2018cited by this paper
• The genetic prehistory of the Baltic Sea region

  2018cited by this paper
• Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses

  2018cited by this paper
• The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia

  2018cited by this paper
• Early human dispersals within the Americas

  2018cited by this paper
• Bronze Age population dynamics and the rise of dairy pastoralism on the eastern Eurasian steppe

  2018cited by this paper
• Extraction of highly degraded DNA from ancient bones, teeth and sediments for high-throughput sequencing

  2018cited by this paper
• Combining bleach and mild predigestion improves ancient DNA recovery from bones

  2017cited by this paper
• SeqKit: A Cross-Platform and Ultrafast Toolkit for FASTA/Q File Manipulation

  2016cited by this paper
• Genomic and archaeological evidence suggest a dual origin of domestic dogs

  2016cited by this paper
• A time transect of exomes from a Native American population before and after European contact

  2016cited by this paper
• Early Neolithic genomes from the eastern Fertile Crescent

  2016cited by this paper
• The genetic history of Ice Age Europe

  2016cited by this paper
• The genetics of an early Neolithic pastoralist from the Zagros, Iran

  2016cited by this paper
• Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

  2016cited by this paper
• Ancient European dog genomes reveal continuity since the Early Neolithic

  2016cited by this paper
• Population Demography and Genetic Diversity in the Pleistocene Cave Lion

  2015cited by this paper
• ANGSD: Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing Data

  2014cited by this paper
• leeHom: adaptor trimming and merging for Illumina sequencing reads

  2014cited by this paper
• Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of a Middle Pleistocene cave bear reconstructed from ultrashort DNA fragments

  2013cited by this paper
• Burying Dogs in Ancient Cis-Baikal, Siberia: Temporal Trends and Relationships with Human Diet and Subsistence Practices

  2013cited by this paper
• Upper Palaeolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans

  2013cited by this paper
• mapDamage: testing for damage patterns in ancient DNA sequences

  2011cited by this paper
• Illumina sequencing library preparation for highly multiplexed target capture and sequencing.

  2010cited by this paper
• The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking

  2009cited by this paper
• Fast model-based estimation of ancestry in unrelated individuals.

  2009cited by this paper
• PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses.

  2007cited by this paper
• Population Structure and Eigenanalysis

  2006cited by this paper
• Genome sequence, comparative analysis and haplotype structure of the domestic dog

  2005cited by this paper
• Use of bleach to eliminate contaminating DNA from the surface of bones and teeth.

  2005cited by this paper

• Gold Nanoparticles in Bladder Cancer Applications: A Paradigm Shift from Diagnostic Tools to Integrated Theranostic Platforms

  2026cites this paper
• Tumor immune organoids in immunotherapy resistance and drug screening.

  2026cites this paper
• Ferroptosis-autophagy crosstalk in bladder cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.

  2026cites this paper
• How ancient humans bred and traded the first domestic dogs

  2025cites this paper
• The Crosstalk Between Ferroptosis and the Immune System in Urological Cancers: Mechanisms, Prognostic Value, and Therapeutic Implications.

  2025cites this paper
• Selenoproteins: Minute yet vital players governing cellular fate

  2025cites this paper
• Natural killer cell-related gene signature predicts immune cell infiltration and improved survival in bladder cancer.

  2025cites this paper