Cu3N-Fe nanocube-based electrochemical sensing of cancer metabolites with minute-scale response time.

Uddipan Dasgupta,Malabika Ghosh,Sambanduram Samarjit Singh,Vineet Kumar Mishra,Suvendu Maji,M. Das,Amit Ranjan Maity,P. Chakraborty,Souvik Ghatak,Ankan Dutta Chowdhury

Published 2025 in Materials Horizons

ABSTRACT

This work describes an electrochemical biosensor using iron-doped copper nitride (Cu3N-Fe) nanostructures for the rapid detection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a key metabolic biomarker released by cancer cells. The sensor, prepared by drop-casting the nanocomposite onto a glassy carbon electrode, shows high electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2 oxidation, with a wide linear range from 0.01 mM to 1 M and a detection limit of 9.8 µM. The sensor successfully differentiated multiple cancer cell lines from non-cancerous controls and was clinically validated using 28 cancer patient tissue samples, distinguishing cancerous from adjacent normal tissues with approximately 90% accuracy. A strong positive correlation was established between the response of the sensor and the expression levels of formyl peptide receptor-1 in the cancer tissues, which validates the sensing mechanism. This work shows the potential of Cu3N-Fe as a material for developing cost-effective, point-of-care diagnostic tools for rapid, qualitative cancer screening.

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