Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Delhi's Yamuna River by Utilizing the Heavy Metal Pollution Index and Geospatial Methods

Yamuna is one of North India's major rivers with significant mythical and sociocultural relevance. The Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) and geospatial analysis for mapping the spatial distribution of HPI are used in this study to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution in the Yamuna River. In order to find out the concentrations of significant heavy metals (HM), water samples were taken from four locations along the Yamuna River. An overall assessment of pollution severity, the HPI was computed, and the findings of the study showed that contamination levels were significantly higher than allowed limits in several places. The ITO bridge has the highest average concentration of arsenic (As) of 4.0689 mg/L, whereas the Okhla Barrage (OB) has the lowest average concentration of 0.1739 mg/L. The Wazirabad Barrage (WB) sampling location has the greatest HPI value of 1798.06, while the Nizamuddin Bridge (NB) sampling location has the lowest HPI value of 38.24. The HPI values of all the sampling locations of the study area are in decreasing order of WB, ITO Bridge, OB and NB. GIS mapping was used to show spatial trends and identify areas that have significant pollution. When geospatial data and HPI results were combined, important zones of HM buildup were identified, mostly downstream of urban centres and industrial clusters. The high concentration of arsenic, lead and mercury among all the HM was assessed in samples of river Yamuna thus indicating the river water to be disastrous. The present study emphasizes that to protect public health and restore the biological balance of the Yamuna River, immediate mitigation measures, stronger pollution control regulations, and ongoing monitoring are required.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium

• Publication date

  2025-08-03

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1109/IGARSS55030.2025.11243819
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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