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Metabolic mediators at the Nexus: How SAM, Acetyl-CoA, and NAD+ bridge phytohormone signaling and epigenetic regulation.

Yue Yu,Kai Jiang

Published 2025 in Current opinion in plant biology

ABSTRACT

Plant hormones and epigenetic mechanisms coordinately regulate plant development and environmental adaptation through shared metabolic nodes. Metabolic intermediates such as S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), acetyl-CoA, and NAD+ serve dual functions in both hormone biosynthesis and epigenetic modifications. These metabolic nodes integrate energy status and hormonal signaling via three principal mechanisms: spatial relocalization of energy metabolism enzymes through subcellular compartmentalization, regulation of epigenetic modifying enzyme activities, and modulation of phytohormone biosynthesis. This review synthesizes recent advances elucidating the reciprocal regulatory interplay mediated by phytohormones, metabolic intermediates, and epigenetic modifications. We further propose that these metabolic intermediates may function as putative secondary messenger-like molecules, potentially bridging epigenetic regulatory networks with hormonal signaling cascades.

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