The Influence of Perceived Organizational Support on Sustainable AI Adoption in Digital Transformation: An Integrated SEM–ANN–NCA Model

In the era of sustainable digital transformation, organizations increasingly rely on artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance efficiency, innovation, and long-term competitiveness. However, employees’ psychological barriers, including technostress and innovation resistance, continue to constrain successful and sustainable AI adoption. Grounded in Social Exchange Theory (SET), Conservation of Resources Theory (COR), Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI), and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), this study develops an integrated model linking perceived organizational support (POS)—comprising emotional, informational, and instrumental dimensions—to employees’ sustainable AI adoption through the dual mediating roles of technostress and innovation resistance. Based on 426 valid responses collected from multiple industries, a triadic hybrid approach combining Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) was applied to capture both linear and nonlinear mechanisms. The results reveal that Informational Support (IFS) is the most influential factor and constitutes the sole necessary condition for high-level AI adoption, while emotional and instrumental support indirectly promote sustainable adoption by mitigating employees’ stress and resistance. This study contributes to sustainable management and AI adoption research by providing insights into the potential hierarchical and threshold patterns of organizational support systems in digital transformation. It also provides managerial implications for designing transparent, empathetic, and resource-efficient support ecosystems that foster employee-driven intelligent transformation.

• Publication year

  2025

• Venue

  Sustainability

• Publication date

  2025-12-18

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/su172411373
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• The influence of the institutional environment on AI adoption in universities: identifying value drivers and necessary conditions

  2025cited by this paper
• Determinants of Behavioral Intention to Use Generative AI: The Role of Trust, Personal Innovativeness, and UTAUT II Factors

  2025cited by this paper
• A SEM–ANN analysis to examine impact of artificial intelligence technologies on sustainable performance of SMEs

  2025cited by this paper
• Revitalizing SMEs’ performance: unleashing the dynamics of Technology-Organization-Environment factors for M-Commerce adoption

  2025cited by this paper
• How the perceived substitution of AI technology hinders nurses’ innovation behavior: the mediating role of AI anxiety and human-AI cooperation intention and the moderating role of organizational AI readiness

  2025cited by this paper
• Exploring the Factors Influencing AI Adoption Intentions in Higher Education: An Integrated Model of DOI, TOE, and TAM

  2025cited by this paper
• Digital Transformation, Organizational Culture, and Public Sector Flexibility in Emerging Economies: Insights from NCA and PLS-SEM Analysis

  2025cited by this paper
• Artificial intelligence adoption test based on UTAUT2 and complex thinking: design with K coefficient and reliability analysis using structural equation modeling

  2025cited by this paper
• Does digital competence really matter? The impact of attitude and ICT on research performance

  2025cited by this paper
• Predictors of Employees' Work Performance in Online and On-Site Conditions: A Combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA

  2024cited by this paper
• Digital Transformation (DT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Convergence in Organizations

  2024cited by this paper
• Technostress and employee safety performance in China: The moderating role of perceived organizational support and the mediating role of job burnout

  2024cited by this paper
• AI‐driven adaptive learning for sustainable educational transformation

  2024cited by this paper
• Technology-induced Stress and Employee Resistance in the Context of Digital Transformation and Identification of Countermeasures

  2024cited by this paper
• Does AI-Driven Technostress Promote or Hinder Employees’ Artificial Intelligence Adoption Intention? A Moderated Mediation Model of Affective Reactions and Technical Self-Efficacy

  2024influential reference
• Gen-AI integration in higher education: Predicting intentions using SEM-ANN approach

  2024cited by this paper
• Moving beyond conventional resistance and resistors: an integrative review of employee resistance to digital transformation

  2024cited by this paper
• Technology readiness and the organizational journey towards AI adoption: An empirical study

  2023cited by this paper
• Impact of digital leadership on open innovation: a moderating serial mediation model

  2023cited by this paper
• Understanding farmers’ intentions to participate in traceability systems: evidence from SEM-ANN-NCA

  2023cited by this paper
• Technostress, Quality of Work Life, and Job Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model

  2023cited by this paper
• Intelligent packaging in the transition from linear to circular economy: Driving research in practice

  2023cited by this paper
• The Effect of Organization Employees' Perspective on Digital Transformation on Their Technostress Levels and Performance: The Public Institutions Example

  2023cited by this paper
• A Task-Technology-Identity Fit Model of Smartwatch Utilisation and User Satisfaction: A Hybrid SEM-Neural Network Approach

  2022cited by this paper
• Investigating the determinants of performance of artificial intelligence adoption in hospitality industry during COVID-19

  2022cited by this paper
• Artificial intelligence in innovation research: A systematic review, conceptual framework, and future research directions

  2022cited by this paper
• Understanding technostress and employee well-being in digital work: the roles of work exhaustion and workplace knowledge diversity

  2022influential reference
• Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling

  2021influential reference
• Perceived Organizational Support

  2020cited by this paper
• A multi-method approach to examining consumer intentions to use smart retail technology

  2020cited by this paper
• When predictors of outcomes are necessary: guidelines for the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA

  2020cited by this paper
• A Statistical Significance Test for Necessary Condition Analysis

  2020cited by this paper
• Meta-analytic and multiwave comparison of emotional support and instrumental support in the workplace.

  2019cited by this paper
• IBM SPSS Statistics 26 Step by Step

  2019influential reference
• Deliberate or Instinctive? Proactive and Reactive Coping for Technostress

  2019cited by this paper
• Constructing validity: New developments in creating objective measuring instruments.

  2019cited by this paper
• Does Technostress Inhibit Employee Innovation? Examining the Linear and Curvilinear Influence of Technostress Creators

  2019cited by this paper
• The technostress trifecta ‐ techno eustress, techno distress and design: Theoretical directions and an agenda for research

  2019influential reference
• All Models are Wrong, but Many are Useful: Learning a Variable's Importance by Studying an Entire Class of Prediction Models Simultaneously

  2018cited by this paper
• An introduction to neural networks

  2018cited by this paper
• Conservation of Resources in the Organizational Context: The Reality of Resources and Their Consequences

  2018influential reference
• The Logic and Methodology of “Necessary but Not Sufficient Causality”: A Comment on Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA)*

  2018cited by this paper
• Coping with Technostress: When Emotional Responses Fail

  2017cited by this paper
• Cross‐validation failure: Small sample sizes lead to large error bars

  2017cited by this paper
• Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory

  2017influential reference
• “More than words”: Expanding the taxonomy of greenwashing after the Volkswagen scandal

  2017cited by this paper
• Thanks coefficient alpha, we'll take it from here.

  2017cited by this paper
• Using PLS path modeling in new technology research: updated guidelines

  2016cited by this paper
• Consumer resistance to innovation—a behavioral reasoning perspective

  2015cited by this paper
• Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): A useful tool for family business researchers

  2014influential reference
• A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM)

  2013influential reference
• Consumer Acceptance and Use of Information Technology: Extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

  2012cited by this paper
• WORKPLACE SOCIAL SUPPORT AND WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT: A META-ANALYSIS CLARIFYING THE INFLUENCE OF GENERAL AND WORK-FAMILY-SPECIFIC SUPERVISOR AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT.

  2011influential reference
• Introduction to Psychometric Theory

  2011influential reference
• Permutation importance: a corrected feature importance measure

  2010cited by this paper
• Multivariate Data Analysis (7th ed.

  2009influential reference
• On the Use, the Misuse, and the Very Limited Usefulness of Cronbach’s Alpha

  2008cited by this paper
• Physicians' resistance toward healthcare information technology: a theoretical model and empirical test

  2007influential reference
• Using multivariate statistics, 5th ed.

  2007cited by this paper
• The Impact of Technostress on Role Stress and Productivity

  2007cited by this paper
• Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis.

  2005cited by this paper
• User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View

  2003influential reference
• Perceived organizational support: a review of the literature.

  2002cited by this paper
• Advanced and Multivariate Statistical Methods: Practical Application and Interpretation

  2001influential reference
• Organisational justice, trust foci, and work outcomes:test of a mediated social exchange model

  2001cited by this paper
• A Comparison of Approaches to Forming Composite Measures in Structural Equation Models

  2000cited by this paper
• Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis : Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

  1999cited by this paper
• Models in information behaviour research

  1999cited by this paper
• Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research.

  1999cited by this paper
• Everyday life information seeking: Approaching information seeking in the context of “way of life”

  1995cited by this paper
• What Is Coefficient Alpha? An Examination of Theory and Applications

  1993cited by this paper
• Learning from hints in neural networks

  1990cited by this paper
• Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error.

  1981influential reference
• An index of factorial simplicity

  1974influential reference
• Exchange and Power in Social Life

  1964cited by this paper

• No citing papers are available for this paper.