Examining the Reliability and Validity of the Criminal Sentiments Scale–Modified and the Pride in Delinquency Scale in Black and White Canadian Justice System-Involved Youth

Procriminal attitudes, key recidivism predictors in the Risk–Need–Responsivity framework, differ among Black and White individuals. However, the procriminal attitudes domain and associated measures have not been critically examined based on race. We examined psychometric properties of the Criminal Sentiments Scale–Modified (CSS-M) and the Pride in Delinquency Scale (PIDS) in 473 justice system-involved Black and White youth. Both scales showed acceptable internal reliability, construct validity, and convergent validity across groups. Procriminal attitudes aligned with antisocial behavior and substance use for White youth, but this was less pronounced for Black youth. The five-factor CSS-M predicted recidivism for White youth, and the PIDS improved predictions. For Black youth, the CSS-M Total and Police subscale, but not the PIDS, predicted recidivism. Results suggest caution in the use of these tools with Black youth. Future research should investigate the role of procriminal attitudes in offending for marginalized groups.

• Publication year

  2026

• Venue

  Criminal Justice and Behavior

• Publication date

  2026-01-08

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1177/00938548251407576PMCID PMC13020967
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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