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Influence of planting time and plant part on the biochemical composition and antagonistic activity of Brassica juncea against Ditylenchus dipsaci

M. Temiz,Gamze Aksay,Ali Özcan,E. Yavuzaslanoğlu

Published 2025 in Nematology

ABSTRACT

The stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci , is a plant-parasitic nematode that causes significant losses in crop production. Management practices against plant-parasitic nematodes are commonly implemented in the soil. Brown mustard, Brassica juncea , has significant potential as an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) product against plant-parasitic nematodes like D. dipsaci , but its efficacy depends on optimising cultivation and extraction parameters. This study investigated the influence of planting time, plant part and extraction method on the profile of B. juncea ’s bioactive compound. Additionally, the ability of B. juncea to immobilise D. dipsaci in vitro was examined. Seeds were cultivated at four different times (23 September and 11 October 2022, 1 March 2023 and 17 April 2023) and the plants were separated into parts (roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and whole plant), then processed using sonication (SAE) or microwave + sonication (MSAE) extraction. Phenolic compounds and glucosinolates of extracts were analysed. Furthermore, an in vitro nematode immobility test of the extracts was carried out against D. dipsaci . Ferulic acid was identified as the predominant phenolic compound in both extraction methods, particularly in the leaves and whole plant, followed by sinapic acid in the leaves. Sinigrin and glucoraphanin were the predominant glucosinolates. The highest total glucosinolate content was found in whole plant samples from the March planting by SAE. While the extraction method did not alter the yield of bioactive compounds, it significantly impacted nematode mobility. The highest nematode immobility (mean: 76.8%) was achieved with extracts from the stems, leaves and whole plant of the autumn plantings (September/October) using the SAE method. These results provide a framework for maximising the biopesticidal potential of brown mustard, contributing to the development of effective, plant-based crop protection products.

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