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A Review of Digital Twin and High-Fidelity Simulation in Hydro–Wind–Solar Integrated Control Systems

Yongjun Liu,Jingwei Cao,Yuejiao Ma,Liwei Deng,Feng Hu,Xin Liu,Yan Ren,Junxiao Yang

Published 2026 in Energies

ABSTRACT

Hydro–wind–solar integrated control systems face significant challenges related to multi-source heterogeneity, power fluctuations, and cross-timescale scheduling. Traditional management and control models struggle to meet the demands of constructing new power systems. As a core enabling technology, digital twins enhance system perception, prediction, and optimization through virtual–physical mapping and high-fidelity simulations. This paper reviews the core requirements for integrated hydro–wind–solar control systems, including unified management, multi-timescale coordination, and multi-source system integration. It systematically summarizes the layered architecture for digital twins in centralized control scenarios, as well as multi-source model construction and data fusion pathways. Additionally, the paper provides an in-depth review of multi-scale modeling, multi-physics coupling, and computational optimization in high-fidelity simulations. On this basis, potential future evolutionary trends in standardized modeling, intelligent dispatch, and secure, trustworthy operation are discussed. This study provides systematic guidance for constructing an efficient and reliable digital twin platform for hydro–wind–solar integrated control systems.

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