Climate Variability in the South Pacific: A Systematic Review of Key Drivers and Processes

This systematic review synthesizes current scientific knowledge on the drivers of climate variability and change across the South Pacific, with a particular focus on mechanisms influencing tropical cyclone behavior and regional hydroclimatic extremes. The review begins by contextualizing the unique vulnerabilities of Pacific Island nations, which arise from geographic isolation, socio-economic constraints, and extensive coastal exposures. It examines the foundational role of the South Pacific Convergence Zone in organizing regional convection and precipitation and explores the multi-scale climate oscillations that modulate environmental conditions across interannual, decadal, and intraseasonal timescales. The compounding effects of anthropogenic climate change—including rising temperatures, sea-level increase, shifting rainfall regimes, and changing storm characteristics—are critically assessed. Special attention is given to the complex interplay between natural variability and human-induced trends in altering tropical cyclone genesis, tracks, and intensity. The review identifies persistent knowledge gaps, such as data inhomogeneity, limited long-term records, and uncertainties in downscaled projections, and concludes with prioritized research directions aimed at enhancing predictive capacity and supporting climate-resilient adaptation across this highly vulnerable region.

• Publication year

  2026

• Venue

  Atmosphere

• Publication date

  2026-01-29

• Fields of study

  Not labeled

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.3390/atmos17020147
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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