Bisphenol S toxicity in zebrafish: endocrine, neurobehavioural, and metabolic disruptions.

Bisphenol S (BPS), increasingly used as a substitute for Bisphenol A, has raised toxicological concern due to its environmental persistence and widespread exposure. Zebrafish (Danio rerio) provides a valuable model for assessing BPS toxicity because of conserved endocrine and neural pathways, rapid development, and well-established behavioural assays. This review synthesizes current evidence on the effects of BPS exposure in zebrafish. Available studies indicate that BPS is associated with alterations in multiple endocrine axes, including the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal, thyroid, and interrenal systems, with consequences for reproduction, thyroid hormone signaling, and stress regulation. Neurobehavioural alterations are frequently reported and are linked to oxidative stress, apoptosis, neurotransmitter imbalance, and isotocinergic or vasotocinergic dysregulation. Additional evidence associates BPS exposure with metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune alterations, including hepatic lipid accumulation, glucose dysregulation, vascular dysfunction, impaired myelopoiesis, inflammatory signaling, and gut microbial imbalance. Finally, this review identifies key knowledge gaps for future research.

• Publication year

  2026

• Venue

  Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

• Publication date

  2026-02-01

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.etap.2026.104959PMID 41672255
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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