Do picture books affect counting directionality in preliterate children? Developmental course and potential mechanisms.

Why the number line in preliterate children is already consistent with the direction of the script? Here we aimed to 1) show that being read a mirror-printed picture book is able to change lateral biases in counting; 2) trace the development of preliterate biases; and 3) test the role of mental model construction processes. Spanish-speaking 3 and 4 year-olds (N = 155, white, 87 female) carried out a task of counting a row of objects and a task in which they built a toy scene before and after being exposed to a mirror-reversed storybook. The left-to-right or right-to-left directionality of their responses was recorded. Only the older group showed pre-test lateral biases. The mirror book changed the lateral biases in counting, and induced a congruent, but smaller change in the model construction task. The two tasks did not correlate, against the implication of shared mechanisms in them.

• Publication year

  2026

• Venue

  Journal of Experimental Child Psychology

• Publication date

  2026-03-05

• Fields of study

  Medicine, Education, Psychology

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/j.jecp.2026.106495PMID 41793855
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

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