THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF SCARLET FEVER TOXIN

There is considerable confusion in the literature regarding scarlet fever toxin and “toxic or poisonous” substances obtainable from cultures of scarlet fever streptococci. In 1934, for instance, Hooker and Follensby (1) described an A and B toxin of scarlet fever; in 1936 Kodama (2) separated three substances from streptococci which gave skin reactions; and in 1938 Eaton (3) in a review rallied to the opinion of the plurality of the toxin. The substance under discussion here is the specific soluble toxin of scarlet fever. There is no evidence thus far that more than one such substance exists and in order to demonstrate its presence the following tests should be made: (1) The substance should be destroyed by boiling; (2) suitable dilutions injected into the skin of numerous human subjects should give positive reactions whenever a positive reaction is given by one skin test dose of a standard scarlet fever toxin obtained from streptococci which have produced typical experimental scarlet fever in man, and give negative reactions when the reaction to the standard toxin is negative; (3) after giving a positive reaction in a human subject who gives a positive test with standard scarlet fever toxin, it should, in proper dilution, give a negative test in the same individual when mixed with a suitable amount of specific scarlet fever antitoxin; (4) it should produce nausea, vomiting, fever, malaise, and a typical scarlet fever rash in susceptible human subjects when given hypodermically in a single dose of 1000 to 3000 skin test doses. The substance discussed here has been subjected to all of these

• Publication year

  1941

• Venue

  Journal of Biological Chemistry

• Publication date

  Unknown publication date

• Fields of study

  Biology, Chemistry

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/s0021-9258(18)72997-9
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar

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• No concepts are published for this paper.

• No references are available for this paper.

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