Graves' disease of the orbit.

Graves' disease, the most common orbital disorder, affects approximately 0.5 % of the population of the United States. It is the underlying cause in 15% to 28% of cases of unilateral exophthalmos and in 80% of cases with bilateral exophthalmos. Also called "thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy", autoimmune thyroid disease," "endocrine exophthalmos," and "thyroid eye disease", Graves' disease presents with enlargement of the extraocular muscles, increased orbital fat volume, and venous stasis caused by increased orbital pressure. This article discusses the clinical evaluation and radiologic findings of this common orbital disorder.

• Publication year

  1996

• Venue

  Neuroimaging clinics of North America

• Publication date

  1996-02-01

• Fields of study

  Medicine

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1016/s1052-5149(25)00346-6PMID 8919134
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

• Diagnostic criteria for Graves' ophthalmopathy.

  1995cited by this paper
• Thyroid ophthalmopathy.

  1994cited by this paper
• Computed tomographic features of nonthyroid extraocular muscle enlargement.

  1989cited by this paper
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  1989cited by this paper
• Clinical presentation of Graves' ophthalmopathy.

  1989cited by this paper
• Neonatal Graves' disease.

  1988cited by this paper
• Optic nerve dysfunction in thyroid eye disease: CT.

  1988cited by this paper
• Graves' ophthalmopathy: II. Correlation of clinical signs with measures derived from computed tomography.

  1988cited by this paper
• Diagnosis and management of endocrine ophthalmopathy.

  1985cited by this paper
• Endocrine ophthalmopathy: current ideas concerning etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment.

  1984cited by this paper
• Temporal relationship between onset of Graves' ophthalmopathy and diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis.

  1983cited by this paper
• High-resolution real-time sonography of the thyroid.

  1982cited by this paper
• Extraocular Muscle Enlargement in Acromegaly

  1982cited by this paper
• Clinical significance of extraocular muscle volumes in Graves' ophthalmopathy: a quantitative computed tomography study.

  1982cited by this paper
• Correlation of CT scanning and pathologic features of ophthalmic Graves' disease.

  1981cited by this paper
• Apical optic nerve compression of dysthyroid optic neuropathy on computed tomography.

  1981cited by this paper
• Exclusion of dysthyroid eye disease as a cause of unilateral proptosis.

  1979cited by this paper
• Identification of subgroups of euthyroid graves's ophthalmopathy.

  1977cited by this paper
• THYROID‐STIMULATING IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN OPHTHALMIC GRAVES'DISEASE

  1977cited by this paper
• Ophthalmopathy and thyroid disorders.

  1977cited by this paper
• Computed tomography in Graves' ophthalmopathy.

  1976cited by this paper
• Evaluation of exophthalmos.

  1975cited by this paper
• Evaluation of unilateral exophthalmos with ultrasonography: Analysis of 258 consecutive cases

  1975cited by this paper
• The Thyroid

  1951cited by this paper
• Extreme Bilateral Exophthalmos

  1933cited by this paper

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  2018cites this paper
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  2018cites this paper
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  2017cites this paper
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  2012cites this paper
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  2012cites this paper
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  2011cites this paper
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  2011cites this paper
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  2010cites this paper
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  2009cites this paper
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  2009cites this paper
• Extrathyroidal manifestations of thyroid disease: thyroid ophthalmopathy.

  2008cites this paper
• Extrathyroidal of Thyroid Disease : Thyroid Ophthalmopathy

  2008cites this paper
• [Dysthyroid orbitopathy: imaging].

  2004cites this paper
• Orbitopathie dysthyroïdienne : imagerie

  2004cites this paper
• Dehiscence of the lamina papyracea: MRI findings

  2004cites this paper
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  2004cites this paper
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  2003cites this paper
• Skull base and face

  2003cites this paper
• Can contrast enhanced MRI predict the response of Graves' ophthalmopathy to orbital radiotherapy?

  2002cites this paper
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  2002cites this paper
• Venous Ligation for Treatment of Cosmetically Unwanted Periorbital Facial Veins

  2002cites this paper
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  2001cites this paper
• Orbital Proptosis: What an Imager Must Know

  2001cites this paper
• Quantitative CT of the orbit in Graves' disease.

  1999cites this paper
• Survey of CT and MR imaging of the orbit.

  1996cites this paper