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A Global Perspective on Gender Roles and Identity.

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Published 2017 in Journal of Adolescent Health

ABSTRACT

Among the social determinants that affect the health and well-being of young people throughout the world, gender is a pivotal influence, with both subtle and overt, immediate as well as longer term influences on adolescent development, resources and opportunities, and ultimately, adolescent and adult health. Most societies are profoundly gendered; these gender roles and expectations affect nearly every aspect of life from infancy onward. They contribute to health disparities that are noted between genders across the life course and in every country throughout the world. The processes by which gender identities and roles are communicated and reinforced for young people have been considered within a number of theories, with varying levels of empirical support [1]. However, even Bussey and Bandura’s social cognitive theory of gender development has been documented primarily in research from high-income countries, notably in North America. The research has focused on gender identity development in early childhood and gendered influences on health differences and social roles in later adolescence, but very little captures gender role development during early adolescence. Much of the work notes the differences in gendered attributes and roles [2], without truly capturing the detailed processes by which those gender roles and gender stereotypes actually influence beliefs and behaviors, especially across different cultures. The work in this supplement fills these important gaps in the literature. The Global Early Adolescent Study focuses on developmental issues of younger adolescents, age 10 to 14 years, in 15 different high-, middle-, and low-income countries across the world. Equally importantly, this study focuses on adolescents within low-income settings in each of these countries, to capture relatively unexplored contexts for gender identity development. As some of the first work to emerge from this important study of early adolescence, the papers in this supplement offer a fascinating look into key aspects of development during the intensification of gender socialization and gender roles that occurs around puberty. This study is

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