SCIENCE@home

Development of a Prophylactic Butyrylcholinesterase Bioscavenger to Protect Against Insecticide Toxicity Using a Homologous Macaque Model

Y. Rosenberg,Xiaoming Jiang,Lingjun Mao,Segundo Hernandez Abanto,Keunmyoung D Lee

Published 2012 in Unknown venue

ABSTRACT

Organophosphorus (OP) and carbamate pesticides are extensively used to control agricultural, household and structural pests. Each year approximately 5.6 billion pounds of pesticides are used worldwide potentially exposing ~1.8 billion people who use pesticides to protect the food and commercial products that they produce (Alavanja, 2009). Although unintentional occupational poisonings represent only a small number, estimated to be ~10% (Litchfield, 2005) or 25 million agricultural workers globally (Jeyaratnam, 1990), large scale exposure of both civilian and military personnel has become an ever increasing threat, as a result of deliberate insecticide contamination of the environment and critical water supplies by terrorists. In this context, pesticide use is one of only two exposures consistently identified by Gulf War epidemiologic studies to be significantly associated with the multisymptom illness profiles described as Gulf War illness (Cao et al., 2011). Pesticide use has also been associated with neurocognitive deficits and neuroendocrine alterations in Gulf War veterans in clinical studies conducted following the end of the war. While OP nerve agents and WHO Class I and Class II OP pesticides constitute a diverse group of chemical structures, all potentially exhibit a common mechanism of toxicity, that is, active site phosphorylation of acetylcholine (AChE) resulting in AChE inhibition and accumulation of acetylcholine, overstimulation of cholinergic receptors, and consequent clinical signs of cholinergic toxicity such as seizures, brain damage and cognitive and behavioural defects (Millard et al., 1999; Rosenberry et al., 1999; Colosio et al., 2009). The relationship between AChE inhibition and symptoms showed that prevalence ratios were significantly >1 for respiratory, eye and central nervous system symptoms for workers with >30% inhibition (Ohayo-Mitoko et al., 2000). More recent studies indicate that insecticide exposure to DFP (diisopropyl fluorophosphate) causes a prolonged increased in hippocampal neuronal Ca++ plateau which may underlie morbidity and mortality (Deshpande et al., 2010). These findings are consistent with those indicating persistent changes in locus coeruleus noradrenergic neuronal activity and lasting changes in this brain area after removal of the insecticide chlorpyrifos oxon; reminiscent of the lasting cognitive

PUBLICATION RECORD

  • Publication year

    2012

  • Venue

    Unknown venue

  • Publication date

    2012-02-08

  • Fields of study

    Agricultural and Food Sciences, Medicine, Biology, Environmental Science

  • Identifiers
    DOI 10.5772/29014
  • External record

    Open on Semantic Scholar

  • Source metadata

    Semantic Scholar

CITATION MAP

EXTRACTION MAP

CLAIMS

  • No claims are published for this paper.

CONCEPTS

  • No concepts are published for this paper.

REFERENCES

Showing 1-87 of 87 references · Page 1 of 1

CITED BY

Showing 1-10 of 10 citing papers · Page 1 of 1