Effects of Drug Policy Changes on Evolution of Molecular Markers of Plasmodium falciparum Resistance to Chloroquine, Amodiaquine, and Sulphadoxine-Pyrimethamine in the South West Region of Cameroon

Background As a result of the spread of parasites resistant to antimalarial drugs, Malaria treatment guidelines in Cameroon evolved from nonartemisinin monotherapy to artemisinin-based combination therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of these therapy changes on the prevalence of molecular markers of resistance from 2003 to 2013 in Mutengene, Cameroon. Methodology Dry blood samples (collected in 2003–2005 and 2009–2013) were used for parasite DNA extraction. Drug resistance genes were amplified by PCR and hybridized with oligonucleotide probes or subjected to restriction digestion. The prevalence of individual marker polymorphisms and haplotypes was compared in these two study periods using the Chi square test. Results Alleles conferring resistance to 4-aminoquinolines in the Pfcrt 76T and Pfmdr1 86Y, 184F, and 1246Y genotypes showed a significant reduction of 97.0% to 66.9%, 83.6% to 45.2%, 97.3% to 56.0%, and 3.1% to 0.0%, respectively (P < 0.05). No difference was observed in SNPs associated with antifolate drugs resistance 51I, 59R, 108N, or 540E (P > 0.05). Haplotype analysis in the Pfmdr1 gene showed a reduction in the YFD from 75.90% to 42.2%, P < 0.0001, and an increase in the NYD (2.9% to 30.1%;  P < 0.0001). Conclusions The results indicated a gradual return of the 4-aminoquinoline sensitive genotype while the antifolate resistant genotypes increased to saturation.

• Publication year

  2018

• Venue

  Malaria Research and Treatment

• Publication date

  2018-05-02

• Fields of study

  Biology, Medicine, Environmental Science

• Identifiers
  DOI 10.1155/2018/7071383PMID 29854394PMCID 5954917
• External record

  Open on Semantic Scholar

• Source metadata

  Semantic Scholar, PubMed

• No claims are published for this paper.

• No concepts are published for this paper.

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