Arcuate nucleus revisited ; the role of dopamine and leptin in physiological homeostasis

Arcuate nucleus (ARN) consisting of neurons is located in the hypothalamus and plays an important role in integrating the hormonal and neuronal signals. In females it seems to regulate the secretion of sex steroids and affect the physiological and metabolic processes. More specifically, injections of leptin or insulin into the ARN, or nonspecific activation of the ARN, increase sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) in part via suppressionof tonic NPY inhibition of PVN presympathetic neurons. Because the ARN is a primary site for metabolic integration and the coordination of metabolic, activity, and endocrine rhythms is essential for this function, it is likely that the ARNmay play an important role in the disruptive effects of desynchrony.Because the ARN is critical for the integration of signals important to feeding and metabolism, the ARN may also be critical for food anticipatory elevation of activity and temperature, which are integral to these functions. This review article investigates the role of ARN in locomotor, feeding behavior and hormonal regulation.

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